2020, Vol. 18, Special Issue 2

Selle kollektsiooni püsiv URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10492/6056

Sirvi

Nüüd näidatakse 1 - 20 45

Aerobic solid-state fermentation of the solid fraction of pig slurry
(2020) Uvarov, R.; Shalavina, E.; Briukhanov, A.; Vasilev, E.
Current expansion in the pig number in Russia and their concentration in separate locations contribute to higher environmental risks. One key risk factor is the slurry produced. To utilize it more efficiently, many pig farms introduce its solid-liquid separation. The study objective was to explore the feasibility of accelerated aerobic solid-state fermentation of the solid fraction of pig slurry in closed installations. The stable thermophilic process under the temperature above +55 °C achieves shorter processing time of 3–4 days. To date, however, there is no representative evidence of such an experience. Four options of fermented mixture composition were tested based on two types of the solid fraction of pig slurry: Type 1 fraction coming from a screw separator and Type 2 fraction coming from a decanter centrifuge. The fermenter operating modes were tested in the authors’ previous studies associated with processing of the solid fraction of cattle manure and bedding poultry manure. The intensity measure of fermentation was the temperature reached by the processed material in the fermenter. Under the investigated operation modes, the stable temperature was observed for nine days in the mesophilic process: 20 °С to 55 °С; in some cases, the transition to the thermophilic process – above 55 °С was recorded. Adding the catalytic components to the processed material accelerated the substrate self-heating and a higher temperature up to 59 °С was reached. This suggests that the considered operating modes of the fermenter were suitable for the fermentation of the specified substrate.
Assessment of spatial variability of environmental variables of a typical house of laying hens in Colombia: Antioquia state Case
(2020) Ferraz, P.F.P.; Gonzalez, V.C.; Ferraz, G.A.S.; Damasceno, F.A.; Osorio, J.A.S.; Conti, L.
This paper aimed to analyze the magnitude and spatial variability of environmental variables: Temperature and Relative Humidity Index (THI), Radiant Thermal Load (RTL), Globe Temperature and Relative Humidity Index (BGTH) and Enthalpy (H), inside a house for laying hens, in the state of Antioquia (Colombia) during the month of August. A traditional Colombian poultry house with natural ventilation was used. All variables were manually measured at equally spaced 1.0×1.0 m points, totaling 99 data collection points inside the poultry house. Geostatistical techniques were used through semivariogram analysis, and isochore maps were generated through data interpolation by kriging. The semivariogram was fitted by the restricted maximum likelihood method. The used mathematical model was the spherical one. After adjusting the semivariograms, the data were interpolated by ordinary kriging. The semivariograms and the isochore maps allowed identifying the non-uniformity of the spatial distribution of all evaluated variables throughout the poultry house. The results show that THI, RTL, BGTH and, H presented values above the comfort limits in the most significant part of the poultry house during the observed period. It is possible to concluded that the use of natural ventilation alone was not sufficient to guarantee the homeothermy conditions for the layers. Thus, it is suggested that in addition to natural ventilation, secondary modifications should be used to improve farm productivity.
Assessment of the methane emission for different typologies of fattening swine facilities in the department of Antioquia – Colombia
(2020) Castrillón, N.; González, V.; Osorio, J.A.; Montoya, A.P.; Correa, G.
The explosive growth of swine production at high stocking densities in confinement farming worldwide, has raised concerns the environmental impact, health and livestock productivity and the production of associated gases in this type of large-scale farms. The aim of this paper was to study the methane gas concentration and emissions of ten different typologies of swine production installations. The facilities were in the department of Antioquia - Colombia, they were located between 800–2,300 meters above sea level (m.a.s.l.) of heights, they mainly employed natural ventilation as refrigeration strategy and they were used for pigs in fattening stage. Methane measurements were taken at animal height. Sensors were located at intermediate points of the ventilation inlet and outlet areas. The behaviour of methane concentration and emission of the facilities were analysed along with the correlation and temporal evolution of climatic variables, comfort indices and construction typologies. The information was analysed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Were found an average of CH4 Emission Rate (ER) per facility (kg year-1 ) of 607.9, Global Warming Potential (GWP) per facility (kg year-1 ) of 15,197.42 and significant correlations between ER and cleaning frequency (CF), animal unit (AU), air flow (Q), animal density(AD) and relative humidity (RH) were evidenced. This is the first research reported in Colombia, that will be important to create some governmental policies.
Association between body condition and production parameters of dairy cows in the experiment with use of BCS camera
(2020) Chlebowski, J.; Gaworski, M.; Nowakowski, T.; Matusiak vel Matuszewski, B.
Dairy production effectiveness in the farm depends on many technical, technological and biological factors. State of the dairy cow condition constitutes one of the most important element in the assessment of dairy herd and production indices. Including access to modern technical solution to assess body condition of dairy cows, i.e. BCS camera, some results of observation in the herd with 362 cows were collected to find any relationship between BCS index and milk yield per cow including 5 lactation groups and cows differed in age as well as four seasons. Basing on data collected in the period of 11 months it was found that cows with the BCS index lower than 2.9 showed the highest daily milk production. Increase in BCS index was associated with decrease in amount of produced milk per day. The statistical analysis showed significant effect of lactation period, age of animals and season on BCS results in the considered dairy cow production cycle.
Atmospheric attenuation of the Ku band along the space-earth path due to clouds and rain
(2020) Dvořák, J.; Hart, J.; Kumhálová, J.
The weather conditions formed in troposphere causes the greatest signal attenuation in satellite communication systems especially at frequencies above 10 GHz. This paper describes possible signal attenuations on the satellite-earth path due to rain and clouds. It was measured whether it is advantageous to use the Ku band for data transmission over other bands. The measurement was carried out in the Czech Republic using a beacon signal from Eutelsat 12W satellite at 12.5 GHz. Clouds and the rainfall rate at the measured location were obtained from the CHMI portal. The measurements show that the clouds cause negligible attenuation. Significant attenuation was caused by rainfall. The measured values of slant path rain show a significant decrease in signal strength even in light rain. The measured cumulative rainfall rate was found to be close to the ITU-R model. The measurements show that the Ku band is advantageous for data transmission in rain poorer regions including Central Europe.
The biological basis for the use of protein growth stimulant made from cattle split for wheat foliar feeding and disease suppression
(2020) Kolesnikov, L.E.; Kremenevskaya, M.I.; Razumova, I.E.; Kolesnikova, Yu.R.; Tambulatova, E.V.; Yazeva, E.O.
The new modern preparation – protein growth stimulant – was generated in accordance with technology of employees of Saint-Petersburg ITMO University and SaintPetersburg State Agrarian University. Biological activity of the preparation was determined by measurements of 20 indicators of the wheat productivity. In addition, 16 indicators of different types of pathogenesis were determined. These can be formed at distribution of Helminthosporium root rot, wheat rust species, powdery mildew and wheat leaf blotch. The use of the protein growth stimulant promoted increase of potential yield in 80% of samples. In comparison with the control, 15 wheat varieties, treated with the preparation, showed an increase in the main productivity indicators: the length of the spike, the number of spikelets per spike, the weight of 1,000 grains, the productive tilling capacity and the general bushiness. The intensity of Helminthosporium root rot development decreased 11.9% (it was found in 53.3% of samples) and the wheat leaf blotch by 15.6% (in 66.7% of samples). The wheat brown rust development intensity decreased insignificantly (3.6% compared to the control). In the same time, values of the pathogen pustule area decreased at average by 79.8%. There was an increase in total nitrogen in wheat leaves at 92% of samples. As was revealed, the effectiveness of the protein growth stimulant largely depends on the wheat variety. To conclude, the prospect of using the new effective protein growth stimulant to increase productivity of wheat and protection from diseases was shown.
Coffee crop coefficient prediction as a function of biophysical variables identified from RGB UAS images
(2020) Santos, L.M.; Ferraz, G.A.S.; Diotto, A.V.; Barbosa, B.D.S.; Maciel, D.T.; Andrade, M.T.; Ferraz, P.F.P.; Rossi, G.
Because of different Brazilian climatic conditions and the different plant conditions, such as the stage of development and even the variety, wide variation may exist in the crop coefficients (𝐾𝑐) values, both spatially and temporally. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop a methodology to determine the short-term 𝐾𝑐 using biophysical parameters of coffee plants detected images obtained by an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS). The study was conducted in Travessia variety coffee plantation. A UAS equipped with a digital camera was used. The images were collected in the field and were processed in Agisoft PhotoScan software. The data extracted from the images were used to calculate the biophysical parameters: leaf area index (LAI), leaf area (LA) and 𝐾𝑐. GeoDA software was used for mapping and spatial analysis. The pseudo-significance test was applied with p < 0.05 to validate the statistic. Moran's index (I) for June was 0.228 and for May was 0.286. Estimates of 𝐾𝑐 values in June varied between 0.963 and 1.005. In May, the 𝐾𝑐 values were 1.05 for 32 blocks. With this study, a methodology was developed that enables the estimation of 𝐾𝑐 using remotely generated biophysical crop data.
Comparative analysis of performance by cows confined in different typologies of compost barns
(2020) Valente, D.A.; Souza, C.F.; Andrade, R.R.; Tinôco, I.F.F.; Sousa, F.C.; Rossi, G.
The compost barn system was designed to be a sustainable alternative housing system for dairy cows. In order to help producers in the region to choose the best type of facility from the point of view of the milk production of the animals, this study compared the productivity of cows confined in an open composting barn with natural ventilation and in a closed composting barn with negative pressure ventilation and evaporative cooling panels. The temperature and relative humidity of the air were monitored, as well as the milk production of the animals housed in the facilities, and THI (Temperature and Humidity Index) were calculated. During the trials, the maximum daily temperatures of the air reached values around 27 °C and the THI remained within the normal range of up to 70. The average productivity remained in the general pattern described in the literature from 23 to 44 kg of milk cow1 day-1 , with lower rates obtained in the closed house. As the variation of the index used to describe the internal environment was not significant, it can be inferred that climatic elements as temperature and air humidity, under the conditions analyzed were not the main factors influencing the productivity rates of dairy cattle. In conclusion, under the analysed conditions the use of a closed barn with negative pressure ventilation is hardly justified as a plant that favoured the productivity of the confined cows.
Comparative environmental analysis of soil sampling methods in precision agriculture for lime application in Paraná State, Brazil
(2020) Gonçalves, J.R.M.R.; Ferraz, G.A.S.; Marin, D.B.; Reynaldo, E.F.; Ferraz, P.F.P.; Sarri, D.; Vieri, M.
Precision agriculture (PA) provides techniques that favour the localized application of inputs allowing their rational use. This makes the PA a potential indicator of reduced operational costs, input volume, and environmental impacts. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the environmental effects of three different sampling methods used in PA for the lime application. The first sampling method evaluated was the grid sampling (GS). It was performed at a density of one sample per hectare in a 100×100 m georeferenced grid. The second method was the directed sampling, that was performed after defining the management zones by soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) using a soil electrical conductivity sensor. The lest sampling method was the Altitude-based management zone (AMZ) sampling that was developed based on altitude maps of the field. These sampling methods were tested in three different areas in the south of Brazil. This study evaluated the spatial variability of the lime volume in the soil and compared quantitatively and spatially the recommended application volumes achieved by each sampling method. Results highlighted that the sensor-directed soil sampling method was the alternative that would generate the lowest environmental impact.
Comparison of growth of maiden trees of cultivars and genotypes of Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) in a nursery
(2020) Szot, I.; Lipa, T.; Yareshchenko, A.
Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) is still not a very popular fruit plant in Poland. Fruit growers have been recently increasingly interested in the cultivation of plants with fruits that can be widely used in processing. Fruits of Cornelian cherry can be eaten raw, and processed in various ways: for tinctures, juices, jams, silage, candied, etc. Both the fruits and preserves are characterised by high pro-health properties due to the content of vitamins, anthocyanins, and loganic acid. Cornus mas adapts well to the climate and soil conditions in Poland. The only limitation of its broader cultivation is lack of good planting material. The experiment investigated the efficiency of budding on two-year-old seedlings (Cornus mas L.) of several cultivars and genotypes of Cornelian cherry. Moreover, the height of plants, stem diameter, average number of shoots, number of leaves on selected shoots, and quality of roots were determined. The cornelian cherry maidens obtained by budding with dormant bud in August on two-year-old seedlings of Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) constitutes high quality material suitable for establishing commercial plantations. Maiden trees of particular cultivars and genotypes of cornelian cherry significantly differ in height, diameter, number of branches and leaves, as well as the size of the root system. The diameter of the trunk is a good indicator of the quality of Cornelian cherry maiden, because it is closely positively correlated with the height of plants and the number of shoots.
Comparison of two perennial energy crops for biomass production at the end of their life cycle
(2020) Giannoulis, K.D.; Bartzialis, D.; Skoufogianni, E.; Charvalas, G.; Danalatos, N.G.
Nowadays fossil fuels are decreasing, causing the world's interest in renewable energy sources to rapidly grow. One of the most interesting renewable and ecologically pure fuels is biomass, which is considered to be carbon neutral. Biomass is a promising source of energy, as it can be used directly as an energy resource. Its quality characteristics such as gross calorific value and ash content are of paramount importance so as to improve the combustion process. Furthermore, during the last three decades, there has been an increasing interest in the production of biomass pellets for domestic and industrial use. Alternative feed stocks will need to be sourced to meet the demand for biomass pellets. Investigation for new energy crops that produce high amounts of biomass under low inputs and of high energy efficiency are the main tasks of this field. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the biomass yield and the quality characteristics (gross calorific value and ash content) of two perennial energy crops (Cynara cardunculus L. and Panicum virgatum L.) growing in a typical soil (Fluventic Xerochrept) of the main agricultural land of central Greece. The comparison for both cultivated crops was made in order to show the results during their 8th growing year. The examined factors were the irrigation (two levels: irrigated and rainfed) and the nitrogen fertilization (two levels: 0 and 80 kg N ha-1 ) as well as their effect on the dry biomass yield and the gross calorific value. It was found that higher dry biomass yield was produced from cardoon (21.3 vs. 14.23 t ha-1 ), while the higher average gross calorific value was observed for switchgrass biomass (17.31 vs. 15.65 Mj kg-1 ). Finally, multiplying the dry biomass yield (t ha-1 ) with the gross calorific value (Mj kg-1 ) it was found that 334 and 245 Gj ha-1 from a cardoon and a switchgrass cultivation could be produced, respectively. Cardoon has better results than switchgrass probably due to the fact that switchgrass is growing from March till October; while cardoon’s growing period is from October to June and in such areas precipitation is in shortage during summer months. Both crops could achieve high amounts of energy per hectare and thus their introduction in future land use systems, for an environmentally friendly energy production should be seriously taken into consideration.
Design of modified movement planning system as a component of an intelligent planning system for robot manipulator
(2020) Nemeikšytė, D.; Osadčuks, V.
Different fields of industry and in-service support widely use robots, mechatronic and robotic technology systems in their activities. This is related to growing functionalities that result from using more advanced control systems the development of which is based on available achievements in the technical measures of computing. Therefore, the subject of study in this article was movement of a robot manipulator in using a fuzzy logics and neural network, and the goal of the study was to develop methods for designing combined intelligent planning and control systems for robot-manipulator movement in static dynamic environments based on the combined use of fuzzy logic apparatus and artificial neural networks to reduce the possibility of robotmanipulator's joints colliding into unknown obstacles located in its operating area. Based on this, the robot arm model has been developed after calculating in the article the missing parameters of the experimental robot manipulator in order to analyze the peculiarities of using the fuzzy logics device as well as the specifics and challenges of using neural network. As a result of the study performed in the article, significant data were obtained based on which a method was offered for an intelligent system for planning robot manipulator movement in static environment using a fuzzy blocks, which was characterized by the use of neural network corresponding each block, and localization of each solution to the task of planning robot manipulator movement in each specific situation, which enables to improve the accuracy and efficiency of movement planning.
Developing of modern cultivation technology of organic potatoes
(2020) Minin, V.B.; Popov, V.D.; Maksimov, D.A.; Ustroev, A.A.; Melnikov, S.P.; Papushin, E.
Medium term field experiment demonstrates the effectiveness of biological ways to increase potatoes yield on the sod-podzolic, light loamy soil. The effects of the following two groups of factors were studied: 1. The level of mineral nutrition provided by compost; 2. Microbiological pant protection product (bio preparations): Flavobacterin which has N fixer attribute and Vitaplan and Kartofen, which have bio fungicide features. Potatoes varieties ‘Nevsky’ and ‘Udacha’ were cultivated. The compost was applied in the dose range from 0 to 160 kg N ha-1 . Treatment with bio-preparations was carried out by potato tubers during planting and leaves during the growing season. Weeds were removed mechanically. Weather conditions had a significant impact on the formation of the crop. The average yield of standard potato tubers for 2017–2018 ranged from 14.1 to 29.3 t ha-1 . The use of both microbiological preparations and compost gave approximately the same effect and increased yields by 35–37% compared to the control. The use of compost together with bio-preparations provided an output of 27.6–29.3 t ha-1of potatoes. In 2019, the joint use of compost and biopreparations allowed to reach a yield of 40 tons ha-1 of marketable potatoes. On the basis of the obtained data, the mathematical dependences of the yield of potatoes on the dose of compost, the type of biological preparation and the complex indicator of the year conditions were determined.
Effect of cattle trampling and farm machinery traffic on soil compaction of an Entic Haplustoll in a semiarid region of Argentina
(2020) Botta, G.F.; Antille, D.L.; Bienvenido, F.; Rivero, D.; Avila-Pedraza, E.A.; Contessotto, E.E.; Ghelfi, D.G.; Nistal, A.I.; Pelizzari, F.M.; Rocha-Meneses, Lisandra; Ezquerra Canalejo, A.; Estonian University of Life Sciences. Institute of Technology. Chair of Biosystems Engineering
Soil compaction has detrimental effects on the physical, mechanical and hydraulic properties of soils, and affects important soil processes and function, and crop productivity. This work was conducted to investigate soil compaction impacts in integrated arable croppinglivestock systems managed under conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT). The work examined the combined effects of cattle trampling and farm machinery traffic on: soil strength, soil deformation, and water infiltration into soil. The following treatments were applied to soil (Entic Haplustoll, 60% sand) managed under CT and NT: three traffic intensities (1, 5, 7 passes) performed with light (2WD, 53 kN) and heavy (4WD, 100.4 kN) tractors, and two stocking densities (400 and 700 kg ha-1 ), respectively. Controls were also used to represent the condition of the soil without any effect of livestock or field traffic. In both tillage systems, soil penetration resistance (strength) increased and water infiltration into soil decreased as traffic intensities or stocking rates applied increased. There was a significant traffic intensity × stocking rate interaction, which influenced the depth and extent of soil compaction at depth. Despite these results, stubble grazing during fallow should not be discouraged as this practice offers mixed farming systems several agronomic and financial benefits. If stubble was to be grazed, the system would need to be carefully managed: (1) avoid ‘random’ traffic using permanent or semipermanent traffic paths to minimise the field wheeled area, (2) vacate livestock from the field, or confine it to a sacrificial area, when the soil water content exceeds a critical level above which soil damage is likely, and (3) maintain more than 60%–70% ground cover. Tillage repair treatments can be targeted to those sacrificial or ‘hot-spots’ areas so that localised, as supposed to widespread, compaction problems are rectified before the next crop is established.
Effects of the interaction between slurry, soil conditioners, and mineral NPK fertilizers on selected nutritional parameters of Festulolium braunii (K. Richt.) A. Camus
(2020) Wiśniewska-Kadżajan, B.; Jankowski, K.
The research was aimed at assessing the biomass yield of Festulolium braunii and its content of raw protein and crude ash after application of slurry, both on its own and together with soil conditioners (UGmax and Humus Active), and mineral fertilizers. The studies were conducted on the basis of a two-year field experiment. The interaction between slurry and soil conditioners and between slurry and mineral fertilizers was studied on the Sulino variety of Festulolium braunii, a hybrid between Lolium multiflorum and Festuca pratensis. Compared with plants treated with liquid manure on its own, slurry applied with soil conditioners and mineral fertilizer did not significantly increase the biomass yield of the grass. However, there was higher protein content in Festulolium braunii, even if statistically insignificant, as a response to slurry supplemented with mineral fertilizer than in plants treated with slurry only. Various forms of treatment did not differentiate crude ash content in plant dry matter in a statistically significant way.
Embryo transfer results in endangered cow breeds in Latvia
(2020) Sematovica, I.; Ponomarjova, O.; Kanska, I.; Vanaga, A.; Martinsons, T.
Since 2017 multiple ovulation (MO) and embryo transfer (ET) were used to save endangered cow breeds in Latvia. The aim of this work was to analyse results to establish factors influenced recipients’ pregnancy obtained up to now. Recipients age, induced (IRC) or native reproductive cycle (NRC), level of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in recipients’ blood on ET day, stage and quality of embryo, fresh or thawed embryo usage and person provided ET were taken into account. Repeated artificial insemination (AI) had been provided in 19 (22.1%) recipients before ET. Pregnancy was accepted in 23 out of 76 recipients (30.3%) until now. Higher pregnancy results were obtained using fresh embryos (19 out of 53 (35.8%)) vs thawed embryos (4 out of 23 (17.4%)), (P < 0.05). The IRC was more productive than NRC (P < 0.05). The development stage, quality of embryos, E2 level were significant factors to reach pregnancy (P < 0.05) but recipients age, P4 level and person provided ET did not influence the pregnancy rate in the present study (P > 0.05). More successful pregnancies were reached using embryos obtained from donors which had a higher glucose and cholesterol level in blood (P = 0.05). In conclusion, our newly educated MOET team should gain their experience and results could be improved using IRC in recipients, fresh embryos, and more attention could be paid to the donorcows management in order to reach more qualitative embryos. Somatic cell count in the donors’ milk could be one of the indicator to avoid unsuccessful embryo obtaining.
Estimate of manure present in compost dairy barn systems for sizing of manure storage
(2020) Damasceno, F.A.; Monge, J.L.; Nascimento, J.A.C.; Andrade, R.R.; Barbari, M.; Saraz, J.A.O.; Ferraz, G.A.S.
Milk production is increasingly modernized as a result of the growing demand for food around the world. Improvements in livestock facilities are observed, with a large increase in the use of feedlot systems such as the Compost Dairy Barn. Increasing milk production in confinement systems has also raised concerns such as the management of wastes (water, faeces and urine) from the system, which has become one of the most important issues in the intensive dairy farms. The aim of this work was to estimate the amount of manure present in compost dairy barn systems in order to size the manure storage. The study was conducted at four compost dairy barns in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil. These compost barns had different bedding materials and dimensions. In each farm, data on milk yield and quality (daily production, fat and protein content), animal weight and amount of feed ingested by the animals were collected. Total-day manure delivered by the cows in the feeding alley and milking parlour was piled up together and weighed. Based on the results, it was observed that, in the compost dairy barns, only part of the total manure produced per day was delivered in the milking parlour (1.6 and 2.0%) and in the feed alley (27.6 to 49.3%). These results are very important for designers for the proper manure management system design of the dairy farms.
Evaluation of feed conversion efficiency for different dairy cows breeds by milk yield, milk content and faecal amount
(2020) Ruska, D.; Jonkus, D.; Cielava, L.
The objective of this study was to evaluation of feed conversion efficiency for Latvian Brown (LB) and Holstein Black and White (HM) dairy cows breeds to define optimal crude protein (CP) content in the feed. In the research study were completed three (A, B, C) dairy cows group (8 cows in each group) with LB and HM breed’s cows in the early lactation period, from 10 till 30 lactation days. Each groups cows were feeder with total mixed ration (TMR) with different CP content (approx. 18.0%, 17.5%, 17.0% accordingly). In the research period were controlled the amount of feed fed and regularly collected feed samples. After 21 days feeding was controlled milk yield, collected milk samples for content testing, and faecal amount and samples. Milk samples were analysed for fat, total protein (%) and urea content (mg dL-1 ). Milk samples for content parameters were analysed in an accredited milk quality laboratory. The statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS program package. The results acquired show that in all studied parameters were not significant differences between study groups. To evaluate the feed conversion efficiency during the study, we used the energy corrected milk (ECM) and the feed dry matter content during research and calculated the coefficient for each cow individually and on average in the study group. Milk yield, protein and faecal amount were significantly different among breeds. Milk urea content was average 28.5 mg dL-1 for all LB breed cows in all groups, for HM breeds it was 23.6 mg dL-1 . These results show that LB breed cows did not converse feed proteins wholesome. Total milk and faecal amount were decreased in a group with CP 17% in feed by 10% and 7% accordingly. By using this data, the farmer may make evaluations and forecast of farming efficiency; cows breed preference and environmental threats.
Experimental analysis of IoT based camera SI-NDVI values for tomato plant health monitoring application
(2020) Avotins, A.; Kviesis, K.; Bicans, J.; Alsina, I.; Dubova, L.
This paper reveals an IoT based camera design to capture SI-NDVI parameters and describes first obtained data analysis regarding luminary spectrum impact on readings in real greenhouse application. For experimental comparison, measurements of Encore, Strabena, Audiance, Bolzano, Forticia and Chocomate tomato plants, both for the ‘best’ and the ‘weakest’ plant sample, using IoT based camera solution and portable leaf spectrometer. First experimental results show that this approach can be applied for tomato plant monitoring, and reveals some ideas about possible precision improvements.
Experimental efficiency evaluation of 445 nm semiconductor laser for robotized weed control applications
(2020) Osadčuks, V.; Kostromins, A.; Pecka, A.; Koteļeņecs, V.; Jaško, J.
Robotized weed control is one of perspective approaches for decreasing ecological impact of farming. Although current level of technology development allows robotized weed control to be economically reasonable only in specific applications, it is only a matter of time to introduce them in full-scale industrial farming. In general terms weed control using agricultural robots consist of two parts: recognition and spatial localization of weeds (distinguishing them from crops) and precision application of some kind of growth limiting activity. Recognition and localization is usually carried out using computer vision solutions (image filtering and transformations, artificial neural networks etc.). Growth limiting in its turn is performed by mechanical, precise chemical, thermal, cryogenic or other means. This article covers application of laser radiation for thermal destruction of unwanted plant canopies. In most cases CO2 type lasers with 10.6 µm wavelength is used as they are affordable and they are applicable to use with plant biomass due to their spectral characteristics. Drawbacks of CO2 lasers are low efficiency, size, weight and complex maintenance. In recent years relatively powerful short-wavelength semiconductor lasers have became broadly available on market. Light absorption of healthy green leaves is much better in blue-UV spectrum than in green, far infrared and near infrared, which is almost completely reflected by leaves. Thus an experimental study of using 12 W output 445 nm blue semiconductor laser for weed canopy cutting was carried out. The experiments were performed with direct laser radiation, the laser module was positioned using robotic manipulator with different speeds and cutting patterns.

Sirvi

Sirvi 2020, Vol. 18, Special Issue 2 Pealkiri järgi

Tulemused lehekülje kohta

Sorteerimisvalikud