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Veterinaarmeditsiini ja loomakasvatuse instituut

Selle valdkonna püsiv URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10492/2469

Sirvi

Sirvi Veterinaarmeditsiini ja loomakasvatuse instituut Märksõna "acute phase response" järgi

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  • Pisipilt
    Kirje
    Associations of acute phase proteins with bovine respiratory disease in calves
    (Eesti Maaülikool, 2024) Askola, Johanna; Orro, Toomas (advisor)
    Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a global problem with long-lasting morbidity and increased mortality. It causes economic losses and compromises animal welfare throughout production chain. Clinical and subclinical BRD complicates growth and fertility, lowers productivity and overall quality of animals. BRD weakens immunity making bovine susceptible to infections. BRD is difficult to prevent, treat and diagnose as it is a combination of multiple challenges such as poor calf management and high pathogen load at farm. In BRD pathogens and tissue trauma provoke local cells to produce proinflammatory cytokines that promote systemic inflammatory response called acute phase response (APR) to stimulate hepatic production of acute phase proteins (APPs) such as fibrinogen (Fb), haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA). Fb, Hp and SAA concentrations increase in inflammatory and infectious conditions making them promising biomarkers to use in detection of calves with clinical or subclinical BRD. 150 calves aged 2-86 days, from 15 Estonian dairy farms were selected for the study concerning possible associations of Fb, Hp and SAA concentrations in calves with respiratory symptoms. APPs were used as markers for APR. Blood samples were collected from ten calves on each farm, five calves suspected to have APR (APR+) and five calves non-suspected to have APR (APR-). APP concentrations were examined, and multivariable linear mixed-effects regression models were used to analyse the associations. Increased Fb concentrations were associated with rectal temperature >39.5°C, increased respiratory rate >50 breaths/min and coughing. Increased Hp concentrations were in calves with rectal temperature of 39°C and above. Increased SAA concentrations were associated with rectal temperature >39.5°C and respiratory rate of 40-50 breaths/min. Thus, clinical respiratory symptoms promoted APR. Together with clinical examination of calves APPs could be used to detect calves with underlying APR and identify those in need of medical treatment.
  • Pisipilt
    Kirje
    Neonatal effects on health and performance of dairy cows
    (Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Loch, Marina; Orro, Toomas (advisor); Niine, Tarmo (advisor); Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences; Trevisi, Erminio (opponent)
    ABSTRACT. During the neonatal period, in other words, during the first three weeks of life, mammals have to adapt to their new surroundings where they encounter for example microorganisms. Ruminants rely on colostrum, the antibody-rich first milk of their mothers, to acquire passive immunity. Colostrum also contains other immunologically active components, which can influence the immune system of the neonates, including proteins (so called acute phase proteins) that act as very first responders to a threat, which is shown in this thesis. As the immune system matures and the intestinal microbiota colonises the host, interactions between the two can affect the future success of the animal. The concentrations of acute phase proteins, which are produced in the liver during the inflammatory response, can be measured and used to monitor inflammation. Their concentrations during the first month of life are associated with future weight gain of ruminants. In this thesis, associations of the protein concentrations during the first three weeks of life were furthermore found with fertility measures and health of dairy cows in their first lactation. They were then used as research tools to uncover relationships between faecal microbiota composition and future performance. Certain bacterial genera, such as Peptostreptococcus, were found to increase inflammatory response and have negative effects on future performance. Others, for example Collinsella, are associated with a lower inflammatory response and better performance in the future. These results show that acute phase proteins can be used to decipher the relationship between microbiota and host, and that the composition of the intestinal microbiota in the neonatal period has long-lasting effects on dairy heifers. This knowledge can be used to influence dairy cow performance by improving their microbiota.