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The occurrence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. and Acinetobacter spp. in the environment of small animal clinics in Estonia
(Eesti Maaülikool, 2022) Airasmaa, Iina Maria; Kalmus, Piret
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are frequently associated with methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) and Acinetobacter. The veterinary clinical environment is considered to have a key role in the spread of nosocomial pathogens among small animal patients. In 2017-2018, 358 surface samples from 23 Estonian small animal clinics were collected to describe the occurrence of MRS and Acinetobacter in the clinic environment. In addition, biosafety methods implemented by each clinic were described through a questionnaire. 22.9% of the samples collected were positive for either MRS or Acinetobacter. MRS was isolated from samples of 17 clinics and Acinetobacter from samples of 15 clinics. Out of 22 MRS samples tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, resistance was most commonly observed against fusidic acid (72.2%), ciprofloxacin (68.8%), and tetracycline (68.8%). In total, 15 samples were multi-drug resistant. Proportionally, the procedure room and reception had the most positive bacterial samples. The implementation of biosafety methods varied between clinics and only 9 clinics out of 23 had biosafety protocol in place. Biosafety protocols are needed to be implemented in veterinary facilities to ensure appropriate infection control.