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2018, Vol. 16, Special Issue 1

Selle kollektsiooni püsiv URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10492/5379

Sirvi

Sirvi 2018, Vol. 16, Special Issue 1 Märksõna "B20" järgi

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  • Pisipilt
    Kirje
    Exhaust particle size distributions of a non-road diesel engine in an endurance test
    (2018) Ovaska, T.; Niemi, S.; Katila, T.; Nilsson, O.
    The main objective of this study was to find out how th e non - road diesel engine running period of 500 hours affects the exhaust particle size distribution. By means of an engine exhaust particle sizer (EEPS), particle number was measured before the endurance test and after 250 and 500 hours of engine operation . The size distributions were determined at full and 75% loads both at rated and at intermediate speeds. The soot, gaseous emissions and the basic engine performance were also determined and lubricating oil was analysed a few times during the running perio d. A blend of low - sulphur fossil diesel and soybean methyl ester (B20) was used as fuel in the 4 - cylinder, turbocharged, intercooled engine which was equipped with a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system. All em issions were measured downstream the catalysts. During the 500 hours of operation, the particle number increased considerably within an approximate size range of 7 to 30 nm . Between the initial and final measurements, no notable differences were observed i n the particle number emissions within a particle size range of 50 to 200 nm . The copper content of lubricating oil also increased significantly during the 500 hours’ experiment. One possible reason for the substantial increase in the nucleation mode parti cle number was assumed to be copper, which is one of the metallic elements originating from engine wear. The engine efficiency was almost equal, and the differences both in smoke and hydrocarbon emission were negligible throughout the 500 hours’ experiment.
  • Pisipilt
    Kirje
    Properties of local produced animal-fat based biodiesel and its blend with fossil fuel
    (2018) Sirviö, K.; Heikkilä, S.; Help, R.; Niemi, S.; Hiltunen, E.
    In the near future, more emphasis must be put on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in road transportation, house heating, agricultural activities, marine transport etc. This study concentrated on the use of alternative fuels in engine - driven applicat ions of non - road machineries and decentralized energy production . Today, the engines are mainly designed for crude oil derived fuels and liquid renewable fuels are blended with crude oil based fuels to fulfill the requirements of renewable energy usage. Du e to the environmental reasons on one hand and to the agricultural needs, on the other hand , different blends of bio - and fossil fuels are becoming more popular. In Europe, the maximum FAME content in diesel fuel is 7 vol% according to the EN 590:2013 but higher percentages are also available and targeted around the world. For example in the United States, the 20% blend fraction is becoming more common. For these reasons, B20 fuels were chosen to be investigated in this study. Special emphasis was put on im proving blending issues since fuel blending may cause some operating risks. The main aim was to research widely the properties of animal - fat based methyl ester (AFME) and B20 fuel blend produced from it. AFME is a waste based fuel and produced in Ostroboth nia region, Finland. The aim was to find out in which engine applications the fuels are feasible and investigate if the fuels fit in the quality of automotive fuel Standards. According to the results, AFME is a feasible option to increase self - sufficient e ne rgy production in Ostrobothnia.