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3. Doktoritööd

Selle kollektsiooni püsiv URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10492/2490

Sirvi

Sirvi 3. Doktoritööd Märksõna "agricultural enterprises" järgi

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  • Pisipilt
    Kirje
    Evaluation of technical efficiency in farms and rural municipalities in Estonia using data envelopment analysis
    (Eesti Maaülikool, 2020) Luik-Lindsaar, Helis; Värnik, Rando; Viira, Ants-Hannes; Sipiläinen, Timo (opponent)
    Due to tight competition, agricultural enterprises aim towards high quality and low unit costs in their production, whilst opting for environmentally friendly production practices. Knowledge, skills, input quality, and production scale therefore play an equally important role in reaching efficiency. Inefficient resource use is problematic both at the level of a single enterprise and the entire sector. If resources are not used efficiently, the enterprise suffers from production losses or fails to sell its produced output due to its low quality, leading to decreased sales revenue and profit. To manage resources better, it is important to first assess the efficiency of agricultural producers and the factors that are related to efficiency or help predict it. This study assessed the technical efficiency of milk producers and cereal and oil crop growers. The conclusion of the study was that milk production efficiency could be increased by paying more attention to the herd's genetic selection and hygiene, and by aiming for a lower age at first calving. These factors help increase the cow’s lifetime milk yield per day, which is a key factor contributing towards efficiency. The question of efficient resource use is even more acute when public resources are used. Local municipalities get half of their revenue from personal income tax and must therefore offer taxpayers high quality services and infrastructure in return. The study assessed the efficiency of rural municipalities and the factors related to it. It was deduced that larger municipalities are more efficient and that efficient municipalities are characterised by a higher share of residents with higher education. It was also observed that less efficient municipalities had a higher rate of state support. Consequently, more efficient means of reducing inefficiency must be implemented in these municipalities in order to hinder further increase of inequality between municipalities, especially to the disadvantage of rural municipalities.
  • Pisipilt
    Kirje
    The Socio-Economic Determinants of Entrepreneurship in Estonian Rural Municipalities
    (Eesti Maaülikool, 2017) Põder, Anne; Värnik, Rando; Atterton, Jane (opponent)
    The aim of the present thesis was to study the impact of socio-economic determinants on the development of entrepreneurship in Estonian rural municipalities. The socio-economic determinants refer to external economic, social, spatial and institutional factors. The thesis studies the effects of the main developments in Estonian agriculture and the rural economy on entrepreneurship in rural areas following the transition to the market economy, and it analyses the development of entrepreneurship and SMEs in different types of rural municipalities following EU accession. The thesis also explores the impact of the economic recession as well as local socio-economic and demographic determinants on firm entries and exits. The environment for entrepreneurship in the transition period is characterised by rapid institutional changes that opened up new opportunities resulting in rapid growth in the number of new enterprises and farms. Institutional restructuring, the economic and agricultural decline that accompanied the transition, the laissez-faire policy approach adopted by the Estonian government, the loss of rural jobs, and the deterioration of local demand and incomes in rural areas together created a highly volatile, rapidly changing and relatively unfavourable environment to which enterprises in rural areas had trouble in adapting. The firm entry rate exceeded the exit rate in the period of 2005 to 2012. The firm entry rate temporarily decreased during the recession years, while the exit rate increased. The overall trend of the increase in both firm entries and exits has continued in the economic recovery years following the recession, as the annual number of new firm births and firm deaths has doubled in the decade since EU accession. The rural municipalities in urban hinterlands are characterised by higher new firm entries and exits than their urban centres or rural periphery. The incomes of the local population and the recession have a similar effect on different municipality types; together, these are the most significant determinants to impact on local entrepreneurship in the analysis.