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3. Doktoritööd

Selle kollektsiooni püsiv URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10492/2490

Sirvi

Sirvi 3. Doktoritööd Märksõna "acclimatization" järgi

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    Role of leaf anatomy in photosynthetic modifications during plant ontogeny and upon environmental acclimation
    (Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Kuusk, Vivian; Niinemets, Ülo (advisor); Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; Fernández-Marín, Beatriz (opponent)
    ABSTRACT. To cultivate plant species and varieties best suited to our future environment, it is essential to gain a deep understanding of how plants acclimate to their surrounding conditions and which changes do they undergo during their life. The internal structure of plants, plant anatomy, plays a crucial role in this acclimation. This study focuses on investigating the anatomical and physiological changes that occur during plant aging and in response to high growth temperatures. Plants are the most important component of Earth's ecosystem, as the existence of all other living organisms depends on them. Since plants cannot change their location, they have evolved the ability to adapt to environmental conditions and modify themselves as needed. For young plants, survival and sufficiently rapid growth, including the development of a strong root system and foliage, are of utmost importance. Using three Mediterranean pine species (Pinus halepensis, P. pinea, P. nigra) as examples, we demonstrate how their photosynthetic capacity changes over time depending on the anatomy of their needles and what causes these changes. What makes this study unique is the precise mapping of the changes occurring in the needles as they age and their correlation with photosynthetic capacity. The second aim of this study is to investigate the effects of elevated growth temperatures on plant anatomy and isoprene emission. Almost all plant leaves emit isoprene, the most abundant volatile compound globally, whose emission is strongly influenced by the plant's growth environment. Isoprene is highly chemically reactive and significantly impacts atmospheric chemistry. Given its widespread importance, a detailed understanding of all aspects of its emission is essential to ensure more accurate models and future predictions related to isoprene. This study demonstrates that elevated growth temperatures substantially alter leaf anatomy, which in turn affects photosynthesis and isoprene emission per leaf area. The research aims and succeeds to gain a better understanding of the anatomical changes in plants under challenging conditions: when a young plant establishes itself in its habitat and when it grows under temperatures higher than normal for the species.