2022

Selle valdkonna püsiv URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10492/7188

Sirvi

Nüüd näidatakse 1 - 20 84

Effect of the Lactation Months on Milk Composition of the Second-Parity Lacaune Ewes
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2021) Tatar, Vilma; Tänavots, Alo; Polikarpus, Annemari; Sats, Andres; Arvi, Eleri; Mahla, Tauno; Jõudu, Ivi; Estonian University of Life Sciences. Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences. Chair of Food Science and Technology; Estonian University of Life Sciences. ERA Chair for Food (By-) Products Valorisation Technologies of the Estonian University of Life Sciences (VALORTECH)
This research aims to determine the chemical composition of Lacaune ewe milk produced in Estonia, as well as the correlations and the influence the stages of lactation have on milk. The study was carried out on fifty-one second-parity ewes. The analysis involved a total of 178 milk samples collected monthly from the second to the seventh month of lactation. Milk analyses included the determination of the contents of total solids, fat, total protein, casein, casein index, lactose, ash, P, Ca, K, Na, Mg, somatic cell count and pH. The Lacaune ewes’ milk contained on average 18.62% total solids, 7.75% fat, 5.74% total protein, 4.32% casein, 4.76% lactose, 0.89% ash, 160.26 mg 100 g -1 Ca, 140.07 mg 100 g -1 P, 135.21 mg 100 g -1 K, 46.44 mg 100 g -1 Na, 17.66 mg 100 g -1 Mg. Overall means for casein index, pH value and somatic cell scores were 75.35%, 6.61 and 12.62, respectively. It was found that the month of lactation significantly affected almost all monitored traits except somatic cell score, casein index and Ca content. The contents of total solids, fat, total protein, casein, ash, P, and Mg increased, while the lactose content, and pH value decreased with the advancing lactation. Sodium content was highest and potassium content lowest value during mid-lactation. Producers must take into account that the composition of Lacaune ewe milk depends on the stage of lactation and may, therefore, affect the production process and the final quality of the product.
Winter wheat leaf blotches development depending on fungicide treatment and nitrogen level in two contrasting years
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2021) Švarta, A.; Bimšteine, G.; Gaile, Z.; Kaņeps, J.; Plūduma-Pauniņa, I.
Tan spot (caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) and Septoria tritici blotch (caused by Zymoseptoria tritici) are the most widespread winter wheat leaf diseases in Latvia. The aim of the present research was to clarify the development of leaf blotches on winter wheat depending on fungicide treatment schemes under four nitrogen rates. A two-factorial trial was conducted at the Research and Study farm “Pēterlauki” (Latvia) of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. For this study, data from the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 growing seasons was used. Four schemes of fungicide application and an untreated variant, as well as four nitrogen rates (N120, N150, N180, and N210 kg ha-1 ) were used. The total disease impact during the vegetation period was estimated by calculating the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). The severity of leaf blotches in winter wheat leaves differed significantly during both vegetation seasons. Tan spot was the dominant disease in 2019 (18.7% in untreated variant). The development of tan spot was reduced by fungicide treatment; however, only in 2019, the influence of fungicide was significant. Septoria tritici blotch was the dominant disease in 2020 (11.4% in untreated variant), and its development was decreased by fungicides. Nitrogen fertilizer rate had no significant effect on the development of Septoria tritici blotches. Yield harvested in 2020 were significantly higher than those in 2019 (on average 5.23 t ha-1 in 2019, 8.40 t ha-1 in 2020). The using of fungicides provided significant increase of yield but there were no significant differences among fungicide treatment schemes.
The influence of agroecological and agrotechnological factors on the generative development of oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus var. oleifera Metzg.)
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Tsytsiura, Y.
During the eight-year research period, we determined the peculiarities and regularities of morphological (length and diameter) and anatomical (stem thickness) features of oilseed radish pods considering their location within the generative part of plants for different types of spatial structure of the inflorescence generated in agrocenosises of different densities. We carried out the analysis and statistical grouping of morphological features of oil radish pod in the full range of possible technological options of pre-sowing construction of its agrocenosises, as well as within the selected three zones (tiers) of inflorescence by the nature of variation and variability of morphoparameters pod, namely, lower, middle and upper. We described in detail the stages of pod formation (microstages ВВСН 69-87) considering features of its linear and radial growth, peculiarities of formation of general internal anatomical structure with analysis of mathematical and statistical regularities of changes in these parameters in accordance as per order of its placement within an inflorescence (separately main axis and system of lateral branches). We determined the optimum technological intervals for the construction of oilseed radish agrocenosises, which ensure the combination of appropriate levels of morphometry formation of its fruit elements with the predicted level of reproductive effort and seed productivity. We made a general assessment of the peculiarities of formation of pod technological effectiveness in terms of ease of threshing and possible losses of seeds depending on the complex of factors under study.
Tartaric acid synthetic derivatives effect on phytopathogenic bacteria
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Mikaelyan, A.R.; Babayan, B.G.; Vartanyan, A.A.; Tokmajyan, H.V.
The scientific goals of current research were devoted to targeted derivatization of natural tartaric acid (TA) for the enhancement of antimicrobial properties of it such as like the effects of them on multi-drug resistant phytopathogenic bacteria, depends to their structure features and the genetic parameters of studied microorganisms. The main utilitarian goal is to develop new class of antimicrobial biodegradable compounds with possible prospective application as moresafe alternative to traditional antibiotics applicable for: agriculture, horticulture, food industry as well as in medicine. These compounds were developed in basic research laboratory: ‘Agrarian Pesticide Creation and The Quality Control’ at National Polytechnic University of Armenia (NPUA). TA and tartrates are safe antimicrobial food additives. According to the results of in vitro studies, the synthesized cyclohexyl-, benzyl- and phenyl- derivatives of it in the form of amine complex salts (correspondently CAS, BAS and PhAS) and cyclic imides (correspondently CI, BI and PhI) are effective against the model multidrug resistant strains of Gram-negative microorganisms. Bactericidal effects of TA derivatives were demonstrated on 19 model native soil strains of phytopathogenic Xanthomonas beticola (6 strains), X. vesicatoria and Pseudomonas syringae (13 strains) representatives, which are differing in antibiotic resistance. Regarding the transformation results, the absence of transfer of resistance to TA imides and amine complex salts by plasmids, makes them promising objects for further research. Primary studies have not shown any antibacterial effect on various nonpathogenic soil bacteria (Pseudomonas chlororaphis, P. taetrolens, etc.). The described compounds are recommended for further more detailed toxicological studies.
Enrichment of growing media using biochar, compost, and nanosilica for the cultivation of Oryza sativa L.
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Widiasri, E.; Maulani, R.R.; Nofitasari, D.; Lambangsari, K.; Manurung, R.; Abduh, M.Y.
This study investigated the effect of growing media composition on the growth and productivity of Oryza sativa var. Inpago 7 cultivated in polybags at Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia, for 126 days. A randomized block design was applied with nine combinations of growing media. Each treatment consisted of five polybags and was replicated three times. Plant height, number of leaves, and tillers were measured at 15, 30, and 45 days after transplanting to observe the growth parameters. While, for estimation of productivity were recorded the weight of dry grain harvest (DGH), the weight of dry milled grain (DMG), and the weight of 100 grains (g) were recorded for each treatment for estimation of productivity. The results showed that the highest number of panicles (24 panicles per plant), the weight of dry harvested grain (21.74 g per plant), and weight of dry milled grain (17.83 g per plant) were obtained when cultivated with a growing medium containing soil, biochar, synthetic fertilizer, urea and sprayed with nano-silica. The growing media composition did not influence the weight of 100 grains because it is more influenced by genetic characteristics. An appropriate combination of soil, biochar, synthetic fertilizer, urea, and sprayed with nano-silica is recommended as a growing media for cultivating O. sativa L. var. Inpago 7.
Selection of resistant upland cotton genotypes challenged with aggressive isolates of Meloidogyne incognita race 3
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Pires, E.; Domiciano, G.P.; Portz, R.L.; Lima, E.A.; Belot, J.L.; Furlanetto, C.
This study aimed to select populations of M. incognita race 3 for screening cotton genotypes as part of a breeding program for the development of resistant cotton cultivars. Five isolates of M. incognita race 3, collected in Western Paraná, Brazil, were tested for virulence and aggressiveness against the cotton cultivars FM966 (susceptible), IAC 24 (resistant), CD 409, and FMT 701 (moderately resistants) under greenhouse conditions, and following a factorial design with five replicates. Thirty-one cotton genotypes were screened against the three most aggressive isolates of M. incognita race 3 tested before and kept under greenhouse conditions following a factorial design with five replicates. Experiments run under greenhouse conditions had single cotton plants inoculated with 5,000 eggs/J2 of M. incognita and were assessed at 120 days after inoculation considering the variables gall index, egg mass index, total eggs, and reproduction factor. The same genotypes tested under greenhouse conditions were also grown in a field infested with M. incognita race 3 in a randomized block design with 10 replicates. In the field, the M. incognita population was monitored by the quantification of J2 forms in soil samples collected before sowing, 60 days after sowing (DAS), and 120 DAS. A gall index score was used to evaluate the roots of cotton genotypes at 120 DAS. The isolate from Umuarama was the most aggressive, followed by Moreira Sales and Iporã. The genotypes CD 05-419, CD 05-945, CD 05-1087, and CD 05-1170 showed resistance against M. incognita race 3 under greenhouse and field conditions.
Efficiency of productivity potential realization of different-age sites of a trunk of grades of columnar type apple-trees
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Havryliuk, O.; Kondratenko, T.; Mazur, B.; Tonkha, O.; Andrusyk, Y.; Kutovenko, V.; Yakovlev, R.; Kryvoshapka, V.; Trokhymchuk, A.; Dmytrenko, Y.
An article provides information about buds organogenesis in plants of columnar apple cultivars in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Kyiv), which allows to establish the features of this process in complex fruit formations of different ages, and their productivity and longevity. We recommend studying of apple trees productivity in the process of its formation by analyzing of rudimentary organs formation and their consistent development into vegetative and generative organs, which are elements of productivity. Studies of organogenesis different-age fruit formations of columnar apple cultivars were conducted in the northern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine during 2016–2020. It was established that separate age sections of columnar apple trees trunk formed different initial productivity potential. In plants of all studied varieties and age groups, the laying of generative buds, the implementation of reproductive elements in V–IX and X–XI stages of organogenesis were more effective in older age areas of the trunk. Complex fruit formations, regardless of the trunk age where they are placed, form a high potential for productivity, which is effectively realized. The dependence of the formation and productivity potential realization on the stages of organogenesis and meteorological factors is established.
Morphological and anatomical characterization of Actinidia kolomikta (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. (C3) and Amaranthus tricolor L. (C4) leaves
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Motyleva, S.; Vlasova, E.; Kozak, N.; Gins, M.; Gins, V.
Morphological and anatomical features of new cultivars with photosynthesis of C3 (Actinidia kolomikta (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. cv. ‘Narodnaya’) and C4 (Amaranthus tricolor L. cv. ‘Valentina’) were established by light and scanning electron microscopy, as well as energy-dispersive analysis. The leaf lamina of Actinidia kolomikta cv. ‘Narodnaya’ has a dorsoventral anatomical structure, anomocytic stomata on the abaxial epidermis and two types of trichomes: multicellular, uniseriate hairs and multicellular bristle-like protrusions, containing raphids. The needle-like raphides are located in subepidermal layers along the veins. A vascular system of petiole consists of two upper concentric bundles and the crescentic vascular strand. A starch sheat is present. Raphides (needle-shaped and rectangular) are located in phloem and cortical parenchyma cells, contain Ca, K, Mg, P and Si. The leaf lamina of Amaranthus tricolor cv. ‘Valentina’ have the kranz-anatomy, dorsiventral mesophyll and contain druses. Betacyanins are concentrated in the epidermis and mesophyll, but are not present in the bundle sheath. The number of vascular bundles in petioles is odd-numbered and variable (from 5 to 13). Trichomes are multicellular, uniseriate, ending in a large oval cell. Cells with betacyanins are present in the epidermis cortex, and, rarely, the collenchyma and phloem of the petiole. Cells with betaxanthins are absent. A starch sheat is brightly pigmented with betacyanins. The crystall sand is deposited in the parenchyma cells of the cortex and pith of the petiole and contains Ca (mainly) and K oxalates. Druses in the leaf lamina additionally contain Mg and P.
The impact of ventilation type on the heat load of dairy cows
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Hauliková, A.; Lendelová, J.; Mihina, Š.; Kuchar, P.
Heat load in cattle causes deterioration of health and reduced production of milk. Therefore, it is necessary to protect cows by appropriate passive and active means and monitor the air quality in barns. Based on several indicators of environmental quality, is possible to make a more comprehensive assessment of the microclimate and more precise conclusions. This study, was monitoring the values of air temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity in two barns with the same volume and layout with floor dimensions of 26.6 m × 62.1 m. In barn 1, roof ridge of which had underwent only partial reconstruction, there were installed fourteen basket fans with a total fan performance Q(1)fans = 218,400 m3 h -1 . In barn 2, there were twelve panel fans with a total fan performance Q(2)fans = 289,320 m3 h -1 . The resulting THI, HLI and ETIC values were compared in relation to each other and in relation to the recommended values. Despite the operating ventilation technology and enlargement of wall openings, the above-limit values of climatic characteristics were observed in both barns during tropical days. There were no differences between the barns (p ˃ 0.05), in barn 1: THI(1) = 83.10 ± 0.51; HLI(1) = 85.62 ± 1.42; ETIC(1) = 27.24 ± 0.31, and in barn 2: THI(2) = 83.12 ± 0.34; HLI(2) = 85.77 ± 1.50; ETIC(2) = 27.29 ± 0.28, however, there were found significant differences in values of temperature indices obtained in the detailed measurements at points arranged perpendicularly, as well as parallelly, to the direction of air velocity in the animal zone (p < 0.05).
Role of acid phosphatase and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems in tolerance of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) populations to low phosphorus availability
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Farssi, O.; Mouradi, M.; Aziz, F.; Berrougui, H.
This study aims at evaluating the tolerance of four alfalfa (Medicgao sativa L.) populations to low phosphorus (P) in rooting medium. The experiment was carried out under controlled conditions. The seedlings of 15 old days were subjected to P deficiency using Ca3HPO4, insoluble form and P sufficiency using KH2PO4, as soluble form, at a final concentration of 250 μmol P plant−1. week−1. After 60 days P deficit, several agro–physiological and biochemical traits were measured and determined in both conditions. The obtained results indicated that the P–starvation significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the agroeconomic traits evaluated such as plant dry weight and leaf area. The root and shoot P contents were found (P < 0.001) decreased by low–P availability in the rooting medium. This constraint induced significant (P < 0.001) increase in phosphatase acid activity and caused lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage to cells, evaluated through malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents. Our results showed also, that low P availability significantly (P < 0.001) increased the enzymatic antioxidant responses reflected by the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase and catalase. The non-enzymatic antioxidant molecule such as proline and total polyphenols were found significantly increased in alfalfa stressed plants. The behavior of alfalfa populations tested was significantly different (P >0.05). The OL population was found to be the least affected and the DEM was most sensitive one, whereas the populations TATA and RICH showed a moderate tolerance. Our study advises that the tolerance of Moroccan alfalfa populations to low P–availability was associated with increased acid phosphate activity and ability to induce enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant responses leading to cell detoxification from reactive oxygen species (ROS).
The efficiency of combined application of mineral fertilizers, inoculants in soybean growing technology, and functioning of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis under increasing nitrogen rates
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Kalenska, S.; Novytska, N.; Kalenskii, V.; Garbar, L.; Stolyarchuk, T.; Doktor, N.; Kormosh, S.; Martunov, A.
Soy is a valuable leguminous crop, whose productivity directly depends on many factors, among which nitrogen fertilizers are one of the most important. Nitrogen fertilizing of this crop is often given insufficient attention because the yield increase can be quite insignificant. The purpose of the research is to study the combined effect of biofertilizers and increasing rates of nitrogen mineral fertilizers on the growth, development, and yield of soybean varieties. The experiment is three-factorial: factor A - early ripening soybean varieties Annushka and Ustya, factor B – seeds inoculation by biofertilizer, and factor C - rates of mineral fertilizers application. Results of research shows the efficiency of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis during seed inoculation was established for nitrogen rates from N0 to N60 against the background of P60K60 - the biomass of nodule bacteria is 418–675 mg plant-1 . The application of N90P60K60 significantly reduces the number and mass of nodule bacteria - 207–241; N120P60K60 - 32.0–42.0 mg plant-1 , and with the introduction of P60K60 + N150–180 nodule bacteria are not formed and the effectiveness of microbiological drugs is not recorded. Nitrogenase activity with N0–90 application on the background of P60K60 and seed inoculation ranged from 3.25 to 7.76 μmol C2H4 per plant ha-1 . With a further increase in nitrogen levels, nitrogenase activity was not recorded. On typical chernozems of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, higher yields of early-ripening soybean varieties are formed by applying N60P60K60 and pre-sowing seeds treatment with rhizohumin or rhizohumin/hetomics combination. P60K60N150–180 showed a partial decrease in soybean yield due to the distress effect.
Effect of foliar products on the inflorescence yield of lavender and essential oil
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Minev, N.; Matev, A.; Yordanova, N.; Milanov, I.; Sabeva, M.; Almaliev, M.
The topic of the effect of foliar fertilization on the productivity and oil content of lavender is relevant, but not sufficiently studied. The present study aims to establish the effect of foliar products on the growth, development and productivity of lavender. The field experiment was carried out at the Agricultural University - Plovdiv with lavender of ‘Jubileina’ variety during 2019–2020. The following variants were included in the study: 1. Untreated control; 2. Treatment with Fertileader Gold (FG) - 3 L ha-1; 3. Treatment with Fertiactyl Trium + Fertileader Vital (FT + FVital) - 1.5 + 1.5 L ha-1; 4. Treatment with Fertileader Viti (FViti) - 3 L ha-1; 5. Treatment with Fertileader Vital (FV) - 3 L ha-1; 6. Treatment with Fertileader Alpha (FA) - 3 L ha-1. Those preparations are bio stimulants for foliar application. The treatments were made in two consecutive lavender vegetation seasons. The first application was carried out in the second growing season (2019) and the second in the next, third growing season (2020). The foliar application of all tested products increased the photosynthetic activity, but it was better expressed when using the plant nutrition products FV, FViti and FT + FVital. A positive effect was also observed in the height and diameter of the bush, but during the third vegetation period. The number of flowering stems increased by 62.9%; 59.4%; 53.3% and 8.4%, respectively, when applying the fertilizers FG, FT + FVital, FViti and FV. The application of FG and FT + FVital increased the yield of fresh inflorescences by 6.1% and 3.7%. The application of the different products affected the oil yield in different ways; the application of FG, FT + FVital and FViti increased it, while FV and FA decreased it by 27 kg ha-1 and 16 kg ha-1, respectively, for the first vegetation and by 43.4 kg ha-1and 33.1 kg ha-1 for the second vegetation. The boron containing products FG, FT + FVital and FViti led to a significant increase in the essential oil yield, while the application of the foliar fertilizers FV and FA reduced it. Based on those results, the first three products are recommended.
Prediction of fruit rot disease incidence in Arecanut based on weather parameters
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Rajashree, K.; Prema, K.V.; Rajath, G.; Angad, S.
The occurrence of pests and diseases in arecanut crops has always been an important factor affecting the total production of arecanut. Arecanut is always dependent on environmental factors during its growth. Thus monitoring and early prediction of the occurrence of the disease would be very helpful for prevention and therefore more crop production. Here, we propose artificial intelligence-based deep learning models for fruit rot disease prediction. Historical data on fruit rot incidence in representative areas of arecanut production in Udupi along with historical weather data are the parameters used to develop region-specific models for the Udupi district. The fruit rot disease incidence score value is predicted using recurrent neural network variants (i.e., Vanilla LSTM, Vanilla GRU, stacked LSTM, and Bidirectional LSTM) for the first time. The predictive performance of the proposed models is evaluated by mean square error (MSE) along with the 5-fold cross-validation technique. Further, compared to other deep learning and machine learning models, the Vanilla LSTM model gives 1.5 MSE, while the Vanilla GRU model gives 1.3 MSE making it the best prediction model for arecanut fruit rot disease.
Evolution of productive and biodiversity features in lucerne fields of different ages
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Argenti, G.; Parrini, S.; Staglianò, N.; Bozzi, R.
Medicago sativa is a legume forage crop characterized by high production of forage, with a notable nutritive value, but in mountain areas duration of the crop could be remarkably affected by severe environmental conditions. To assess the vegetation evolution of lucerne crops in relation to crop age, data from fields of lucerne of different ages were collected. The aim is the evaluation of lucerne productive performances, evolution of forage quality and assessment of recovery by autochthonous species that naturally recolonize the studied areas in relation to age of the cropped species. With increasing years, lucerne population was significantly decreased and replaced by different functional types of plants, such as perennial graminoids and short-lived forbs. Biodiversity increased significantly along time, and evolution of similarity indices demonstrated an evolution of vegetation toward that represented by reference grassland of the area. Productive characteristics of forage, in terms of aboveground biomass and quality, were negatively affected by age. Results permitted to assess the evolution of different features of lucerne for a mountain environment and to hypothesize the appropriate management for this resource, that could contemplate also the evolution towards the reconstitution of the reference habitat for the studied area.
Evaluating the drivers of environmental sustainability practices – mango farm managers’ perspective
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Muangmee, C.M.; Kassakorn, N.K.; Meekaewkunchorn, N.M.; Khalid, B.K.; Urbański, M.U.
This study evaluated the drivers of environmental sustainability practices using mango farm managers in Thailand. The purpose was to ascertain farmers' ability to conserve natural resources and protect the ecosystem. This was necessitated to raise environmental awareness, promote sustainable human development, and increase economic growth and quality of life. The study adopted a quantitative survey design with primary data collected from mango farm managers in four provinces in Thailand. Data were collected from a total of 383 respondents. The data was analyzed using CFA and SEM techniques employing SPSS v26 and AMOS v26. The findings showed that Organizational Culture and Employee Training significantly and positively influence Environmental Sustainability Practices in managing mango as a natural resource. Organizational Culture was also found to positively mediate the effect of information system adoption. The study concluded that management and employees in mango farms should be trained about the importance of environmental sustainability and encouraged to cultivate a culture grounded in the sustainability practices of mango as a natural resource. They should be taught how advancing and adopting sustainable practices by subsistence and commercial mango farmers in Thailand can enhance sustainable development, economic growth, and regional cooperation by checking materials and methods.
Nutritious lentil and rice meal for sustainable vegan and pescatarian diet
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Lignicka, I.; Graci (Balgalve), A.; Zīdere-Laizāne, A.M.
Urbanization has been accompanied by changes towards diets that have placed increased pressure on the environment and human health. Shifting diet from beef towards lessimpactful proteins is the most important policy goal for dietary sustainability in 2050. Fish can also help to shift to lower emission diets, fish-eaters have nearly the same emissions profile as strict vegetarians. The aim of this study was to develop quick preparation lentil and rice meals that would be suitable for a sustainable vegan and pescatarian diet and to analyse and compare their nutritional values. Sample nutritional values were calculated according to raw material nutritional values. Results show that if most raw materials are plant-based there is no significant difference between vegan and pescatarian quick preparation meal sample nutritional values other than minerals and vitamins. Vegan quick preparation meal sample which contains green lentils has higher iron content comparing to pescatarian quick preparation meal which contains red lentils and freeze-dried salmon powder and has higher vitamin B1, B3 and B6 content.
Amino acid content in rice and lentil meal for vegan and pescatarian diet
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Lignicka, I.; Graci (Balgalve), A.; Zīdere-Laizāne, A.M.
Combining different raw materials, it is possible to increase plant-based protein functionality. Traditionally lentils are combined with rice. As rice complements lentils in sulphurcontaining amino acids this plant-based combination provides a complete profile of essential amino acids. The aim of this study was to compare amino acid content and scoring pattern in vegan and pescatarian quick preparation meals and analyse developed meal suitability for a vegan diet containing all needed amino acids. Results show that vegan and pescatarian quick preparation meals contain all essential amino acids at adequate amounts according to FAO`s recommendation, results showed no significant difference between samples (p > 0.05). These results show that combining rice and lentils it is possible to develop a meal suitable for a vegan diet that contains all needed amino acids.
Mapping drainage ditches in agricultural landscapes using LiDAR data
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Melniks, R.; Ivanovs, J.; Lazdins, A.; Makovskis, K.
The aim of this study is to develop a method for identification of the drainage ditch network, which can be used for surface runoff modeling and to increase accuracy of estimation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in croplands and grasslands, using remote sensing data. The study area consists of 11 objects throughout Latvia with a total area of 145 km2 . Digital elevation models (DEMs) in two resolutions, which were created using three different interpolation methods, were used for the analysis. Several multi-level data filtering methods were applied to identify ditch network, including flow patterns, which can be used in surface runoff process. The method we developed correctly identified 85–89% of ditches, depending on the DEM used, in comparison to the reference data. Mapped ditches are located within 3 m range of the reference data in 89–93% of cases. The elaborated model is robust and uses openly available source data and can be used for large scale ditch mapping with sufficient accuracy necessary for hydrological modelling and GHG accounting in the national inventories.
Indemnities to Russian farmers for losses due to extreme weather event losses: the challenges and opportunities
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Nosov, V.V.; Vorob’eva, D.A.; Udovik, E.E.; Zhenzhebir, V.N.; Morkovkin, D.E.; Gibadullin, A.A.
The paper aims to examine indemnity payments to Russian farmers for weather-related loss. Indemnity payments can be made as crop insurance payments or direct payments from budget. The manuscript presents the official data on damage caused by extreme weather and the amount of insurance payments and direct payments to farmers for the years 2005–2021. To process the results of our research, we performed correlation and regression analysis using STATISTICA package. We presented the results of the research in tabular and graphical forms. The research revealed that the average proportion of insurance payments for crop losses in indemnity payments to farmers is 22.1%, and direct payments from budgets of various levels amount to 25.7%. Indicatively, 52.2%% of damage remains uncompensated. According to findings, RUB 1 billion in premium subsidies raises insured area by 0.14% under a steady trend, while other factors result in reduction by 1.1%. The paper reviews the barriers that hinder the development of subsidized crop insurance. We propose a series of measures that can promptly improve the current situation, such as the stabilization of the legal framework, a tighter control over insurance rates and the need for authorities to stem corruption. We also note that in setting insurance rates, it is important to consider the farming techniques, selective breeding potential, and adoption of index insurance.
The system of soil protection and general balance of main nutrient elements in perennial plantations of semi-desert natural soil zone of Armenia
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Harutyunyan, S.S.; Matevosyan, L.G.; Ghukasyan, A.G.; Galstyan, M.H.
The aim of the research is to study the biological removal of the main nutrient elements from the most common technical grape varieties, as well as from apricot and peach plantations in the farms, situated on semi-desert natural soils of Armenia, to identify the extent of their input and losses due to natural factors and to calculate the balance associated with the soil conservation system in the absence of comprehensive fertilization. In the inter-row spaces of all fruit plantations and even vineyards of the republic, grass cover of productive significance has been established (4.5–6.5 t ha-1 yield of air-dry grass), through which the removal of nutrient elements is 2–3 times higher than the biological removal through trees and vines. The research was conducted in 2015–2020, in the grape, apricot and peach plantations of the semi-desert natural zone of Armenia (Armavir region), where the irrigation norm is 5,000 m3 ha-1 , and the atmospheric precipitation is 256 mm, through which 40 kg ha-1 N, 2 kg ha-1 P2O5, and 44 kg ha-1 K2O enter the soil. The losses due to erosion and washing away are N - 12 kg ha-1 , P2O5 - 7 kg ha-1 , K2O - 75 kg ha-1 . The balance of nutrient elements in all plantations is negative, nitrogen in plantations with industrial grass cover is 154, P2O5 - 52, K2O - 311, and in the system of black fallow - 15, 16 and 85 kg ha-1 , respectively. The negative balance of nitrogen in apricot and peach plantations is 121, P2O5 - 44, K2O - 296 kg ha-1.

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