2024

Selle valdkonna püsiv URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10492/9341

Sirvi

Nüüd näidatakse 1 - 20 104

Influence of petroleum products on the state of microbiocenosis of soil during short and medium terms of pollution
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Malynovska, I.; Bulgakov, V.; Olt, Jüri; Rucins, A.; Estonian University of Life Sciences. Institute of Forestry and Engineering
Bioremediation by autochthonous microbial communities is currently considered the main and most environmentally secure way how to remove petroleum products from contaminated soils. To study the possibilities to control the processes of biodegradation of aviation kerosene by indigenous communities of the soil together with plants and in the presence of a cometabolite (glucose), a model experiment was carried out with concentrations of aviation fuel from 0 to 20%. Soil without the addition of petroleum products served as reference. The state of the microbial community was studied 1 and 21 days after the addition of the petroleum products. It has been established that the soil contamination with petroleum products within one day leads to quantitative and qualitative changes in the state of the microbial cenosis, and the phytotoxicity of the soil significantly increases. At low concentrations of the petroleum products (1%) the occurrence of microbiological processes in the soil slows down, and at high concentrations (20%) they intensify. It has been shown that an increase in the number of polysaccharide-synthesising bacteria increases not only the absolute amount of degraded petroleum products from 0.240 to 1.88 g kg-1, but also their relative share from 6.33%. Growing plants and adding easily accessible substrates to the soils contaminated with petroleum products ensures more active destruction of pollutants (by 63.6 and 45.5%, respectively) compared to the soils without phytocenosis and the addition of exogenous substrates.
Influence of coconut fiber incorporation on the mechanical behavior of adobe blocks
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) da Silva, N.A.; Cecchin, D.; Rocha, C.A.A.; Toledo Filho, R.D.; Pessin, J.; Rossi, G.; Bambi, G.; Conti, L.; Ferraz, P.F.P.
Adobe is an ancient construction technique, simple and low cost, still used in some parts of the world, mainly in rural areas. Normally, in these regions, a considerable amount of agricultural waste is generated that can be used for different purposes. An agricultural waste that has been increasingly studied in the construction sector is natural fibers. The addition of natural fibers in the soil matrix has been gaining prominence as it is a natural and easily accessible stabilizer. This work aimed to analyze and characterize adobe blocks reinforced with coconut fibers, with the addition of 1% and 2% compared to the reference block (without the addition of coconut fiber) through capillary absorption, fiber-soil adhesion, durability in the presence of water and mechanical, properties through of compression bending tests. The adobe blocks with the addition of fibers showed mechanical results above those required by the standard NBR 16814. The addition of fibers promoted higher capillary absorption results than the samples consisting only of soil and when exposed to drip erosion, no significant damage was observed in the adobe structure.
Effect of fermented purple sweet potato flour on physiological conditions and intestinal conditions of broiler chickens
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Widiastuti, E.; Febrianti, D.; Wahyuni, H.I.; Yudiarti, T.; Agusetyaningsih, I.; Murwani, R.; Sartono, T.A.; Sugiharto, S.
The study investigated the effect of fermented purple sweet potato flour (PSPF) on intestinal and physiological health of broilers. A 189-day-old broiler chicks were divided into T0 (diet based on corn and soybean meal), T1 (diet containing 15% unfermented PSPF), and T2 (diet containing 15% fermented PSPF). Samples collection and measurement were conducted at day 35. The T2 chicks had greater (p < 0.05) weight gain than T1, but did not differ from T0. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was better (p < 0.05) in T2 than in T1. The mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were higher (P < 0.05) in T2 than in T0 and T1 groups. Haemoglobin tended (p = 0.08) to be lower in in T2 than in T0 and T1 groups. Heterophils were higher (p = 0.05) in T2 than in T0 and T1 groups. Total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were higher (p < 0.05) in T0 than in T1. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) tended (p = 0.06) to be lower in T1 than that in T0. Total protein and globulin were higher (p < 0.05) in T0 than that in T1 and T2. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to coliform ratio in the ileum was higher (p < 0.05) in T2 than in T0. LAB counts tended (p = 0.08) to be greater in T2 than in other chickens. T1 tended (p = 0.09) to have a smaller number of lactose negative Enterobacteriaceae (LNE) in caecum as compared to that of T0 chicks. T2 tended (p = 0.09) to have a lower crypt depth than T0. In conclusion, feeding fermented purple sweet potato flour contributes for the better growth, feed conversion, immune defence, bacterial population and morphology of the small intestine.
Assessment of environmental impacts: a life cycle analysis of wheat and rice production in Madhya Pradesh
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Khangar, N.S.; Thangavel, M.
The production of cereals is one of the primary activities that is responsible for most of the environmental degradation that is caused by agricultural activities. In this study, an attempt was made to determine the ecosystem & resource emissions along with emissions affecting human health, causing due to agricultural activities. LCA is used to conduct an analysis of 17 types of emissions caused by rice and wheat production per hectare in Madhya Pradesh. Based on LCIA and Monte Carlo simulation, the study provides valuable insights into the regional environmental emissions associated with direct seeded rice (DSR), irrigated wheat (IW) and rainfed wheat (RW). Study shows that except for Marine eutrophication (MEUT) and Agricultural land use (ALU), rice production has relatively higher impact than wheat production. Irrigated wheat production found with higher potential of causing non-cancerous diseases caused by air pollution, whereas rice production has the potential to contribute to cancer disease. The production of rice and wheat in Madhya Pradesh state cumulatively contributes 0.008 Gt CO2 eq. (0.10% of global total) to the global agrifood system GHG emission within farmgate. Since majority of the emissions are caused by soil & crop nutrients and fuel consumption, here it became important to adopt sustainable agricultural practices & biofuel to lessen the environmental impact of wheat & rice production and make sustainable agro-food system of Madhya Pradesh. Based on study results emission mitigation policies have been suggested taking the existing policies into consideration.
Formation of grain yield in corn hybrids of different FAO groups depending on sowing dates and plant density
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Shakalii, S.M.; Bahan, A.V.; Yurchenko, S.O.; Marenych, M.M.; Liashenko, V.V.; Chetveryk, O.O.; Shokalo, N.S.; Zubenko, V.V.
Formation of productivity of any agricultural crop depends on many factors. First of all, the soil and climatic conditions of the crop growing area, varietal or hybrid composition, seed quality, sowing dates and plant density, and strict adherence to all methods of cultivation technology are important. Corn hybrids of different maturity groups differ in morphological and biological properties. Thus, obtaining the potential yield of an individual genotype is possible under favorable conditions for the growth and development of plants, including high-variety agricultural machinery and natural conditions. The maximum yield of high-quality corn grain is formed under the condition of the optimal ratio of all structural elements: weight of 1,000 grains, number of rows of grains in an ear, number of grains in a row, number of grains on one ear, length and diameter of an ear. If one structural element is insufficiently developed, the yield can be compensated by other components. Since individual elements of the structure are formed at different stages of organogenesis, different conditions are necessary for their successful development. The hybrids used in our research revealed peculiarities in the formation of elements of the crop structure, depending on the timing of sowing and stand density. The sizes of the cobs that formed on the corn plants varied little under the influence of sowing dates and plant stand density, but were characteristic of a certain biotype. Studies have shown that all factors of the experiment affect the growth, development of plants and the formation of elements of the structure of the corn grain crop. According to the results of the measurements, it was established that the best indicators of all structural elements were observed for sowing hybrids of different maturity groups in the optimal period - the third decade of April. The highest values of all indicators were observed in the Olkani hybrid, which is explained by the genotypic features of this hybrid.
Influence of the farm location and seasonal fluctuations on the composition and properties of the milk
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Ramadani, Xh.; Kryeziu, A.; Kamberi, M.; Zogaj, M.
The aim of this research was to investigate the variations in the chemical composition as well as the physical and microbiological properties of raw milk depending on the farm location and the season. Seven dairy farms located in seven different geographic regions of Kosovo were included in the experiment. Milk composition (total solids – TS, milk fat – MF, solids nonfat – SNF, protein – P, lactose – L, active acidity – AA (pH), density – D, colony formatting unit – CFU, and somatic cells count – SCC) were analysed during a one-year period from December 2021 to November 2022. In a total of 252 analysed milk samples, the research showed an average good composition in accordance with the Kosovo regulation for milk quality: TS (13.71%), MF (5.12%), SNF (8.60%), P (3.25%), L (3.87%), AA (6.83), D (1.028 g cm-3), but higher number of CFU (194,048 mL-1), and SCC (418,429 mL-1). Farm location showed significant differences (P < 0.01) in TS, MF, SNF, P, D, CFU and SCC, whereas L content and AA value were statistically non-significant. The lower value of TS, MF, and CFU were detected in summer, AA, and P in spring, SNF and L in autumn, D value was similar in all seasons, whereas only SCC was present in winter season. The differences in all analysed parameters with respect to the season were statistically non-significant.
The implementation of sustainable urban agriculture: response of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) towards planting media composition of top soil, biochar and manure at vertical farming
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Syaranamual, S.; Tuhumena, V.L.; Syufi, Y.; Daeng, B.; Muyan, Y.; Karamang, S.; Martanto, E.A.; Baan, S.; Musaad, I.; Amriati, B.; Purnomo, D.W.; Sarungallo, A.S.; Tubur, H.W.
The study investigates the growth and yield response of mustard to different planting media of soil, biochar, and manure as planting media, within a vertical cultivation technique. Three-month research was carried out at the Screen House of Agroclimatology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Papua University, employing a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and triplicates. The results of the analysis of variance revealed that at 2 weeks after planting (WAP) period demonstrated a statistically significant effect of growing media composition on mustard height. Notably, Soil:Biochar (M1) treatment exhibited the highest plant height, surpassing Soil:Biochar:Manure (M3) treatment. Although biochar addition had an insignificant effect compared to control (M0) and Soil:Manure (M2) treatments, Soil: Biochar still achieved the greatest height. Further significance tests revealed that Soil:Biochar treatment recorded the longest leaf length, a measure not significantly different from Soil:Manure and Soil:Biochar:Manure treatments, but notably different from control which produced the shortest leaf length. Moreover, the Soil:Manure treatment presented the highest yield in terms of plant fresh weight compared to other treatments. While Soil:Biochar and Soil:Biochar:Manure treatments did not show statistical differences, their results were higher than control. In conclusion, the Soil:Manure treatment displayed the highest yield for plant dry weight and total plant weight per pot compared to other treatments, where control consistently performed the lowest. These findings underscore the efficacy of the Soil: Manure treatment in optimizing mustard growth and yield within a vertical cultivation system.
Development of innovative energy drink based on cold brewspruce sprout and its comparison to commercial energy drinks
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Karklina, K.; Ozola, L.; Ibrahim, M.N.G.; Estonian University of Life Sciences. Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences. Chair of Food Science and Technology and ERA-Chair for Food (By-) Products Valorisation Technologies
Commercial energy drinks have high content of caffeine and sugar that can lead to various health problems. Spruce sprouts could have beneficial effects on human health. This research aims to prepare alternative energy drinks with less caffeine and sugar that are based on spruce sprout, cold brew, and fruit juice. In the study, three commercial energy drinks were used - RedBull original (RBo), RedBull zero sugar (RBzs), and RedBull Tropical fruits (RBt) - and three spruce sprout - cold brew energy drinks were prepared. The spruce sprout - cold brew energy drinks were - cold brew coffee 96.8% with spruce sprout juice 3.2% (SCB), cold brew coffee 25% with orange juice 71.8% and spruce sprout juice 3.2% (SCBo), and cold brew coffee 25% with apple-aronia juice 71.8% and spruce sprout juice 3.2% (SCBaa). All energy drinks were evaluated for their Vitamin C content, titratable acidity, pH, soluble solids, colour evaluation, total phenolic content, and anti-radical activity by DPPH. The results showed that Vitamin C increased significantly (p < 0.05) by 30 times in the spruce sprout - cold brew energy drinks (104–244 mg 100 g-1), compared to its content in commercial drinks (4.23–6.24 mg 100 g-1). Comparing the total phenolic content in commercial energy drinks (6.67–10.69 mg GAE 100 g-1), its content increased significantly (p < 0.05) by 20 times in the spruce sprout - cold brew energy drinks (128.46–253.93 mg GAE 100 g-1). In conclusion, spruce sprout - cold brew energy drinks could be considered as an alternative to commercial energy drinks.
Plant resources in the control of the key food pests Andean potato weevils (Premnotrypes spp.) and coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei): a systematic review
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) De Albuquerque, R.D.D.G.; León-Vargas, F.R.; Ruiz-Paredes, R.; Villacrés-Vallejo, J.Y.; Malca-García, G.R.; Ganoza-Yupanqui, M.L.
Potato and coffee crops grapple with pronounced challenges posed by pests, notably the Andean potato weevils (Premnotrypes spp.) and the coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei). These pests inflict significant economic repercussions on both smallholder and commercial farmers by disrupting essential food supply chains. This review delves into the insecticidal potentials of botanical resources against these pests. Notably, extracts and essential oils (EOs) from native flora or commercially available in each affected country have compelled efficacy against Premnotrypes vorax, P. latithorax and Hypothenemus hampei, such as Schinus molle L. and Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi, respectively. Through rigorous laboratory tests, onsite evaluations, and cost-effectiveness assessments, there emerges a strong advocacy for these botanical solutions. They present not only a sustainable countermeasure to these pests but also a greener alternative to conventional pesticides, thereby potentially reducing the environmental degradation and health concerns synonymous with chemical pesticides. The shift towards natural pesticides, especially those derived from plants like S. molle and S. terebinthifolia, is not only environmentally strategic but also economically prudent, aligning with both market trends and long-term sustainability goals.
Analysis of the relationship between the weather index of fire danger and occurrences of rural fires. Case study: centro region of Portugal
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Fernandez, P.; Bugalho, L.; Pedro, N.
The aim of this study was to design an approach for establishing a plausible relationship between FWI and the monthly average burned area (ABA) and the average number of ignitions (ANI) supported by geographic information systems (GIS). The application of these results will allow the projection of burned areas in forest fires in the future, making mitigation actions possible. This approach was applied to the region of Central Portugal, and to achieve the aims of the study, the following steps were completed: (1) geoprocessing the spatial data of the daily FWI indices, burned area and number of fire ignitions and (2) developing statistical regression models capable of reproducing the variability in burned area and ignition occurrence series from FWI data during the 2001–2017 period. The predicted equations for the burned area as a function of the FWI presented high coefficients of determination for most of the considered periods, thus allowing the projection, with a high degree of confidence, of the monthly burned area values according to the various future climate scenarios. The prediction of the average number of ignitions from the FWI values class proved to be effective for establishing highly adjusted forecast models for July and August. In the spatial analysis at the district level, the ABA and ANI estimation equations were obtained from the FWI values with determination coefficients above 0.90 for most of the districts. Significant differences were observed between the districts in the number of ignitions analysed.
GIS-based analytic hierarchy process model for a forest residuals biorefinery site selection
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Pedro, N.; Quinta-Nova, L.
In general terms, renewable energy sources are characterized by their decentralized availability, ability to quickly self-regenerate, and the reduced environmental impacts resulting from their use. The conversion of forest biomass into energy will make it possible to transform waste into raw material for the energy industry while promoting forest management. Reducing the forest's fuel load will be responsible for reducing the intensity of forest fires. In this context, biorefineries significantly prevent rural fire risks by addressing two important aspects: fuel management and renewable energy generation. based on these premises, this study aims to assess the potential for implementing a biorefinery in the Centro Interior region. The amounts of available residual biomass were calculated based on data from the national forest inventory, carried out in 2015.For the municipalities with higher residual biomass production, a decision support system based on GIS and Multicriteria Decision-making was used to select sites suitable for locating a forest biorefinery and provides a valuable reference for decision-makers. The combination of MCDM and GIS methods can, therefore, be seen as a powerful tool for solving power planning problems. The most relevant areas, in terms of land occupation of the three forest species considered, are mainly found in the south of the region under study. The area under study has the potential to generate an annual flow of residual biomass of 269,024 tons per year, with maritime pine harvesting accounting for 80% of this flow. However, around 88,193 tons of the annual flow of residual biomass (33%) are found in regions that are difficult to access, and the costs may make exploration unviable in economic terms. According to the study carried out, we consider that the implementation of the biorefinery will be located in the industrial area of the municipality of Oleiros.
An optimization model for evaluating the economic effect of foliar treatment with biostimulants on spring rape
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Sarov, A.; Kostenarov, K.; Tzvetanova, E.
The aim of the study is to evaluate the economic effect of foliar treatment with biostimulants: chitosan, vermicompost and vermicompost + nature-identical growth regulator on organic production of spring rape on organic production of spring rape. Two-years field trials were conducted using a block method with foliar treatment in 2 phenological phases (in rosette and flowering phase). The biological response of the culture at different doses of the biostimulators was investigated. The obtained primary results were used as input data for the construction of an economic-mathematical model for economic evaluation The treatment of spring rape with biostimulators has a positive effect on the yield of the crop. After that, a specific agricultural holding in the region is selected, which will serve as a model on which to construct the optimization model for evaluating the economic efficiency. In this farm, along with the intended crops in the production structure, spring canola is added - controls and treated with BS. The results are optimal after using chitosan in a dose of 500 mL daa-1. The results of this research show the economic benefits of using biostimulants, which are extremely important for farmers. They are an alternative to the requirements of the European Union's Green Deal At the heart of the Green Deal is the Farm to Fork (F2F) and the ‘Biodiversity Strategy’ (BS) strategy, which was launched by the European Commission in May 2020 to achieve a fair, healthy and sustainable food system by 2030. Under the F2F strategy, there is a need to reduce reliance on pesticides and antimicrobials, reducing excess fertilization, increasing areas for organic farming, improving animal welfare and reducing biodiversity loss. With the announcement of the goals and intentions of the Green Deal and its manifestations in agriculture, preparations also began for preliminary assessments of the consequences and impact that it will have on the entire food chain and for its transposition into the Common Agricultural Policy. At the same time, science research on alternatives to traditional conventional technologies is increasing. The results of the studies also took into account a set of assumptions for simulations of farm incomes, production and product prices.
Tomato nutrition with the application of Trichoderma spp. on different soils
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Conte, E.D.; Fiorini, D.; Vargas, N.M.B.; Bertoni, L.F.B.; Santos, L.N.T.; Magro, T.D.; Silvestre, W.P.; Cocco, C.; Schwambach, J.
The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of Trichoderma spp. on the nutrition and development of tomato plants in three soil types under protected environments. One experiment was conducted with ferralsol and acrisol soil (conducted in pots in a greenhouse), and another used cambisol soil (conducted in beds in a commercial greenhouse). The experiments were carried out in a randomized block design with twelve replications. The treatments consisted of a control (no application of Trichoderma spp.), an application of Trichoderma spp. before seedling transplantation, and monthly Trichoderma spp. applications in tomato plants cv. Itaipava®. The evaluations included plant nutrition at full flowering, development (height and fresh and dry mass of shoots), crop yield components of number, weight, and diameter of fruits, and average yield per plant. A second nutritional evaluation was repeated in the cambisol. The application of Trichoderma spp. in the soil did not modify the nutrition parameters of plants until flowering. However, at the end of the cycle in cambisol, the treatment increased the available contents of N, P, Cu, and Mn. The application of Trichoderma spp. did not affect the development and yield of tomato plants in the conditions tested.
A participatory research approach in the development of safety and well-being in horticultural enterprises
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Mattila, T.E.A.; Tuure, V.-M.; Ovaska, U.; Vänninen, I.; Hokka, M.; Elstob, T.; Rautiainen, R.H.
The process of improving the health, safety, and well-being of workers in the horticulture and agriculture sectors requires new effective means. The aim of this study was to conduct a qualitative evaluation of a participatory co-creative consultation process in order to improve occupational health and safety in horticultural businesses. The study was conducted across twenty-four small-scale enterprises (totalling eighty-two entrepreneurs and workers) from five different horticultural subsectors in Finland. Each business engaged in the development process, starting from the identification of development needs through to individual interviews and process analysis, and continuing with co-creation and the implementation of solutions. The results indicated that participatory consultation, when combined with a process analysis, was perceived as being very productive, particularly in terms of identifying development needs, but also in inspiring the co-creation of solutions and applying them to specific tasks and the working environment. Whilst long-term effects could not be measured, participation in the development process improved subjective well-being and the competence of entrepreneurs in managing wellbeing in their work setting. The findings suggest that participatory consultation can facilitate improvements in working conditions, which in turn can help to reduce workplace injuries and improve health conditions. The findings also highlighted the need for having a multidisciplinary consultation team, the effective cooperation of all involved parties, and facilitating peer discussions when it comes to resolving identified challenges.
Advancing patient safety competencies in nursing education: an examination of student attitudes
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Sepp, Jaana
In nursing, patient safety is of paramount concern, requiring the development of well-defined competencies among nursing students and the early integration of safety principles into curricula. This study aimed to explore nursing students' perceptions regarding patient safety, offering valuable insights for curriculum developers. The main research questions were: What are the perceptions of nursing students regarding patient safety, and how can this information be useful for curriculum developers in improving students' safety knowledge and developing the curriculum in this direction? The Attitudes to Patient Safety Questionnaire (APSQ III) was employed to gather data due to its established reputation as a comprehensive and reliable instrument for assessing student attitudes in patient safety. The questionnaire was thoughtfully distributed to first-year nursing students with work experience in the healthcare field. The study revealed that students consider patient safety important and perceive its implementation as dependent on multidisciplinary teamwork and error reporting. Based on students' perceptions, nursing educators should increase the presence of patient safety courses in the nursing curriculum, emphasizing a multidisciplinary approach and enhancing competencies related to critical thinking. This includes improving skills in error reporting, organizing practical training, and mastering the use of standardized terminology. In conclusion, the study underscores the necessity of redefining nursing competencies, early integration of patient safety principles, the significance of research, and the role of assessment tools in shaping attitudes toward patient safety in nursing education.
Semi-natural grassland abandonment in relation to agricultural land management under Common Agricultural Policy in boreonemoral Europe
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Rūsiņa, S.; Lakovskis, P.; Ieviņa, L.
The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has had a major impact on agricultural land use changes in Europe. While grassland abandonment in mountain areas is well-documented, there is a gap in research regarding lowland regions. We investigated how changes in CAP regulations between two periods (2007–2013 and 2014–2020) influenced the pattern of semi-natural grassland (SNG) abandonment in boreonemoral Europe. We used 25 km2 grid cells as the basic research unit. The relationship between agricultural land management variables and SNG abandonment was analyzed by regression methodology and non-linear relationships were detected. We observed a decrease in the overall rate of SNG abandonment during the second CAP period (2014–2020), suggesting that recent CAP modifications have had some positive impact on grassland conservation. However, the impact of CAP on SNG abandonment varied between the two regions differing in land capability for agriculture and between productive and unproductive SNG types. The study highlights the importance of understanding the complex processes that influence abandonment in strongly non-linear ways. It underscores the importance of tailored conservation strategies and the role of the CAP in shaping SNG management practices.
MSTN gene polymorphisms are associated with the feed efficiency of fattened lambs in Latvian sheep breeds
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Trapina, I.; Plavina, S.; Krasņevska, N.; Paramonovs, J.; Kairisa, D.; Paramonova, N.
The economic benefit for sheep farmers depends on the level of feed efficiency of the lambs raised. Promoting breed selection for feed efficiency could provide sheep farmers with higher quality and more economically profitable lambs. In livestock production, marker-assisted selection employs genetic biomarkers linked to specific traits. Myostatin (MSTN), a vital transforming growth factor-beta superfamily member, is pivotal in regulating myogenesis and negatively impacts mammal muscle growth and development. The study aims to find molecular markers related to feed efficiency parameters in the MSTN gene for Latvian sheep breeds. DNA extraction was made from blood collected from 76 controlled fatten lambs, with 63.16% belonging to the Latvian Dark-head (LT) breed. A complete gene sequencing analysis was conducted to identify variations in loci across different sheep breeds, aiming to discover statistically significant associations between identified polymorphisms and feed efficiency indicators. Polymorphic variants were identified in 23 loci of the MSTN gene among Latvian lambs, with the discovery of a novel SNP. Notably, SNP rs404916326 T>A exhibited statistically significant associations with indicators such as Residual feed intake, Residual intake, and body weight gain, specifically in the LT breed. Furthermore, SNP rs408469734 G>A showed associations with relative growth rate and Kleiber's ratio within the lamb group. These findings suggest that SNPs rs404916326 and rs408469734 within the MSTN gene are promising molecular markers for marker-assisted selection strategies in sheep breeding to improve feed efficiency indicators.
Seasonal sequestration capacity of chernozem under different agrotechnological impacts in agrocenosis
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Bulgakov, V.; Gadzalo, I.; Pascuzzi, S.; Demydenko, O.; Holovach, I.; Ihnatiev, Ye.; Olt, Jüri; Estonian University of Life Sciences. Institute of Forestry and Engineering
The soil's sequestration capacity is primarily determined by the fine-dispersed fraction of the soil and strongly influences the properties and fertility level of the soil. To assess the sequestration capacity of C-CO2 humus in soil formation and fertility of typical chornozem (black soil), to identify the causes, rates, existing limits of the sequestration capacity decrease, it is important to study the seasonal dynamics of qualitative and quantitative indicators of humus state in time depending on the method of tillage and fertilization in agrocenoses of short rotation crop rotations in the central part of the Forest-Steppe region of Ukraine. During the research, a stationary field experiment was conducted to study the influence of methods of soil cultivation and fertilizer application on the sequestering capacity of chornozem. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the content of humus and to calculate the seasonal reserves of absorbed carbon and phosphorus and to model the absorption capacity of chernozem. When processing with chisel plows and applying fertilizers, the increase in the C-CO2 reserve during the April-July period was +21 t ha-1 (0–0.2 m) and +36 t ha-1 a (0–0.3 m). Under moldboard plowing, the growth tended to increase by 1.52 times (0–0.2 m) and 1.25 times (0–0.3 m), but occurred at a lower quantitative level, and in the period July-September, the change in the humus C-CO2 stock was insignificant, indicating the predominance of C-CO2 sequestration processes in the summerautumn period with chisel plowing. With chisel plowing, the reserve of labile organic substances (LOS) in April exceeded the stock for plowing in the thickness of 0–0.3 m by 4.34–7.67 times (without fertilizers), 1.5–2.76 times (with fertilizers); in July - by 4.59–8.90 times (without fertilizers) and 1.32–3.16 times (with fertilizers); in September - by 4.52–4.04 times (without fertilizers) and by 1.11–1.93 times (with fertilizers), and the C-CO2 stock of the LOS compared to fallow land under chisel plowing without fertilizers in April, July, and September was 1.59–1.78 times, 2.31–3.29 times, and 1.4–1.78 times higher, and under fertilization - by 1.99–2.0, 1.86–4.50, and 1.7–2.6 times, respectively, depending on the seasons. Under fallow land maintenance, the seasonal dynamics of the C-CO2 stock of the LOS is subject to the seasonal dynamics of Porg(LOS). A direct strong correlation was found at the level of R = +0.89 ± 0.02; R2 = 79. In the period April-July, the decrease of Porg(LOS) stock in the thickness of 0–0.2 m was found to be 1.15 times, and in the thickness of 0–0.3 m - 1.1 times. From summer to autumn, the stock of Porg(LOS) was restored, and the stock in the thickness of 0–0.3 m increased by 1.10 times. Conclusions. Trends in C-CO2 stocks of humus and LOS indicate that in the series plowingchiseling-fallow land, the cyclicality index under chisel plowing was closer to the value of the seasonal cyclicality of fallow land than the seasonal cyclicality under plowing, which indicates the restoration of the CI. Trends in C-CO2 stocks of humus and LOS indicate that in the series plowing-chiseling-fallow, the index of cyclicality under chisel plowing was closer to the value of the seasonal cyclicality of fallow land than the seasonal cyclicality of plowing, which indicates the restoration of the ISC. However, the timing of changes in the Porg(LOS) stock indicates that in the series plowing-chiseling-fallow, chisel plowing is directed to fallow land by its seasonal cyclicality. The general regularity of seasonal cyclicality for all parameters of humus condition lies in the fact that a decrease in the values of ISC, as in fallow land or under moldboardless tillage, indicates the ordering of ISC, and an increase in the index of cyclicality to destruction, as under plowing.
Influence of abiotic and anthropogenic factors on the formation of winter wheat grain quality indicators
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Demуdov, O.A.; Kyrylenko, V.V.; Pravdziva, I.V.; Humeniuk, O.V.; Dubovyk, N.S.; Suddenko, Yu.M.; Los, R.M.; Olefirenko, B.A.; Radchenko, O.V.; Shadchyna, T.V.
The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of growing location, hydrothermal growing season conditions, variety, sowing date, and preceding crop on the formation of winter wheat grain quality indicators. The research was conducted during 2018/19–2020/21 in two locations for two sowing dates after sunflower and soybean as the preceding crops. Four varieties of winter bread wheat were evaluated according to grain, flour, dough, and bread quality indicators. A higher variability of winter wheat grain quality indicators was noted between the years of the study in the conditions of the central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Location 1) (CV = 2.7–32.6%) compared to the conditions of the northeastern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Location 2) (CV = 1.9–18.0%). The determining influence of the variety on test weight (38.32%), volume of bread (30.22%), wet gluten content (25.65%), protein content (18.55%), porosity of bread crumb (18.17%), and sedimentation value (15.02%) was established. The most influence of the growing location on deformation energy (37.43%) and dough tenacity (35.29%) was revealed The decisive influence of the interaction year × location on 1,000 kernel weight (21.30%) was established. To obtain higher flour-milling properties, winter wheat varieties are recommended to be sown in the third decade of September after sunflower, and to obtain higher baking properties - in the first decade of October after soybeans. By sowing the varieties Podolianka and MIP Yuvileina, it is possible to obtain grain with high flour-milling and bread-making properties, that is, grain balanced in terms of quality.
Diallel and generation analysis in F2 soybean populations
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Ferreira, S.B.; Gomes, B.H.; Hamawaki, O.T.; Dias, P.A.S.; Hamawaki, C.D.L.; Hamawaki, R.L.; Nogueira, A.P.O.
The present study aimed to obtain estimates of the general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities of three soybean parents by means of the half table balanced diallel and to estimate genetic parameters of agronomic traits in F2 populations. The experiment was organized in complete randomized blocks with ten replications. The plants obtained from the combinations between the parents UFU 510, UFUS 7415 and MG/BR 46 Conquista were individually evaluated for thirteen agronomic traits. The results indicated that the parent UFUS 7415 had the highest and most positive GCA values for the production components. The best cross was UFU 510 × UFUS 7415, with the highest number of total pods and grain production. The three combinations showed a high coefficient of heritability for the number of productive nodes. At the crossing UFU 510 × UFUS 7415, greater selection gains and higher averages were observed for the number of pods with one, two and three grains and the number of total pods.

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