2023

Selle valdkonna püsiv URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10492/8643

Sirvi

Nüüd näidatakse 1 - 20 114

Comparison of sire rams of the Latvian Dark-Head breed according to feed efficiency indicators as the beginning of genomic breeding research
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2023) Trapina, I.; Kairisa, D.; Paramonova, N.
In sheep (Ovis aries) farming, feed costs are the largest variable cost component. Breeders are showing an increased interest in breeding sire rams with improved feed efficiency characteristics because of the possibility that the offspring will have a higher value of this indicator. The result shows that for one ram, the progeny indicators tend to be variable. Currently, no marker has successfully explained enough of the variability of feed efficiency that they were used as part of a routine improvement program. The aim is to analyze feed efficiency indicators for lambs of sire rams of Latvian Dark-Head (LT; Latvijas tumšgalve) to identify sire rams producing lambs with potentially higher feed efficiency. Fattening data of 48 lambs from 13 sire rams were analyzed to determine the correlation of feed efficiency parameters. The average weight of lambs at birth was 4.08 ± 0.56 kg, while the average weight gain reached 47.43 ± 3.17 kg with an average fattening period of 73.27 ± 8.90 days. A strong and very strong correlation between the studied indicators of feed efficiency was revealed. The correlation between these indicators and live weight gain over for 60 days indicates their economic importance in meat production. Certain phenotypic and genotypic factors cause the influence on their value. The phenotypic influence may consist of environmental and external signs, but the genotypic influence is at the DNA level, which requires further study.
Study of the carbonization process for the plant waste utilisation
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2023) Zhylina, M.; Irtiseva, K.; Ozolins, J.
In agriculture and the food industry, large amounts of vegetable waste are generated annually: straw, corn waste, nut shells, fruit kernels, etc. The problem of their disposal is extremely acute, and regularly people use the simplest methods that do not require further processing of this type of waste. An efficient way of recycling is to make sorbents out of it. In modern conditions of deficit and rising commodity prices, the search for new, cheapest methods is becoming more and more urgent. The origin of vegetable waste is an excellent annual renewable raw material base. Walnut shells and corn cobs were used as raw material samples for the production of sorbents. The carbonization was carried out at temperatures of 300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 °C. Researched properties of raw materials: moisture, ash content and yield of volatile components. The dependency of the sorbent yield on the final temperature was determined, the ash content and the sorption activity by iodine were determined. Based on the results of the study, the high quality of the sorbent obtained was noted. In this way, the use of plant waste as raw material for the production of sorbents allows not only to solve the problem of waste recycling, but also to obtain a high-quality product and reduce its cost.
Feed efficiency indicators and hormones related to nutrient metabolism in intensive fattened lambs of sire rams of different sheep breeds in Latvia
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2023) Trapina, I.; Kairisa, D.; Paramonova, N.
The feed efficiency increase of each sheep indicates its profitability. Production costs and the environmental impact of animal husbandry are reduced as feed efficiency improves. The gastrointestinal tract is a source of hormones and is important in regulating feed intake and nutrient utilization. The study analyses the relationship between feed efficiency indicators and hormone levels in Latvian sheep breeds. After control fattening, blood samples were taken from 76 lambs, representatives of six Latvian breeds, for seven hormonal analyzes and seven feed efficiency indicators. Feed efficiency, Feed conversion ratio (FCR), Relative growth rate, Kleiber ratio (KR), Residual feed intake (RFI), Residual weight gain, and Residual intake were calculated from daily weight gain and amount of dry matter. Interbreed differences and relationships between indicators/hormones were identified. The best scores of feed efficiency were found for the lamb rams of the Dorper breed; the Latvian black-head was the second according to these indicators. The mean FRC for lambs was determined to be 5.13 ± 0.13 kg with a range of 2.98–10.15 kg; the mean KR was 18.11 ± 0.39 with a range of 8.78–26.88; the mean RFI was in the range of -0.51 to 0.42 kg. A statistically significant difference was found between the breeds for all feed efficiency indicators. Biochemical parameters (IGF-1, insulin, and glucose) were found to be in correlation with feed efficiency indicators. Our results show that Latvian sheep breeds differ in fattening performance. To improve breeds without crossing them, subsequent genetic analysis of breed differences is necessary.
Effect of new biologically active feed ingredient - potassium humate on productivity and milk quality of dairy cows
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2023) Nolberga-Trupa, A.; Ruska, D.; Grandbergs, G.
In animal feeding, the use of effective bioactive feed additives of natural origin, which have a stimulatory effect on the digestive and metabolic processes in an animal organism, while maximally maintaining the conditions for a healthy rumen environment, in combination with an environmentally friendly and economically beneficial agricultural production process, is being studied. Humates can play an important role in addressing this problem. Therefore, a study with Holstein-Friesian Black-and-White cows was carried out on the farm ‘Dukati’, Vitinu Parish, Auce Municipality, to understand the effect of potassium humate on the productivity and milk quality of dairy cows. Animals were selected for the research and assigned by the analogy principle to two treatment groups: trial and control; each group consisted of 15 dairy cows. The dairy cows were kept in free stall barns. The animals were provided with all welfare requirements according to the guidelines. During the trial, a decrease in productivity in both groups of cows was observed, but this decrease was slower in the trial group - by 6 kg ECM, compared to the beginning of the trial. During the trial, the milk composition, according to its fat and lactose content, was similar for cows of both groups. The protein content in the milk of the cows of both groups differed (P < 0.05). In the trial cow group, the protein content in milk increased by 0.15%, but the urea content in the milk decreased by 0.96 mg dL-1 , and somatic cell count by 180 thsd mL-1 compared to the beginning of the trial.
Effect of fertilizers on growth and productivity of saffron: a review
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2023) Hourani, W.
Saffron management involves a systematic approach to nutrient management. Controlling the amount, form, combinations and timing of nutrients delivered to plants is a prerequisite for getting optimum yield and quality potential of saffron. Therefore, nutrient use efficiency and integrated nutrient management is a crucial tool for balanced fertilization and sustainable crop production. The impact and the need of organic and inorganic fertilization for saffron growth are discussed along with the possibilities of increasing qualitative and quantitative parameters by the integration of multiple fertilizers. The goal of this review is to give an overview of saffron nutrition management in order to maximize saffron growth and yield.
Large building facilities towards energy transition
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2023) Karapidakis, E.; Markaki, M.; Yfanti, S.
Large buildings complexes present significant amounts of energy consumption. Sport centers compose a more special case of large volume buildings, compared to other facilities. This is related not only to the specific requirements of the thermal environment regarding the type of activities taking place as well as the considerable loads enforced by the presence of people. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the energy consumption of a Sports center, through energy audits, extract energy baselines and propose energy-saving interventions and RES utilization. More precisely, a cost-benefit analysis will be carried out to assess the energy production and the relevant contribution of the potential energy interventions. As a result, the priority list of proposed measures will be extracted, with all the data regarding energy gains, capital costs, and cash flows. Particularly, a capital budgeting analysis of each measure will support the final decision of a holistic energy approach at the specific building facilities.
Agronomic and physiological response of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids to plant density in the dry and wet Middleveld of Eswatini
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2023) Malaza, S.C.; Tana, T.
One of the factors limiting yield of maize in Eswatini is use of non-optimum plant density for the different maturity group of maize hybrids in different agro-ecologies. Thus, an experiment was conducted at Malkerns (wet Middleveld) and Luve (dry Middleveld) in Eswatini to determine the effects of plant density on growth, yield components and grain yield of maize hybrids. Factorial combinations of three maize hybrids [SC 403 (early maturing), SC 621 (medium maturing), SC 719 (late maturing)] and five plant densities (41,667; 44,444; 47,619; 50,000, and 57,143 plants ha-1 ) were evaluated in Randomised Complete Block Design in three replications. The results showed that Malkerns had significantly higher crop growth rate (CGR) between V12 and R6 growth stages, relative growth rate (RGR) between V6 and V12 growth stages, mass of thousand kernels (395.60 g), aboveground dry biomass (22.71 t ha-1 ) and grain yield (7.67 t ha-1 ). Among maize hybrids, SC 719 produced significantly the highest CGR (18.37 g m-2 per day) between V12 and R6, aboveground dry biomass (23.05 t ha-1 ), number of kernels per m2 (2074), and grain yield (7.49 ha-1 ). Moreover, SC 719 grown at Malkerns recorded significantly the highest leaf area index (LAI) at V6, and the highest CGR (31.35 g m-2 per day) between V6 and V12 and the tallest plants. The highest density of 57,143 plants ha-1 produced the highest LAI, aboveground dry biomass (21.53 t ha-1 ) and grain yield (7.17 t ha-1 ). Thus, late maturing maize hybrid SC 719 and plant density of 57,143 plants ha-1 (70 cm × 25 cm) can be used to enhance the productivity of maize in the Middleveld of Eswatini.
Effect of water deficit on maize seeds (Zea mays L.) during germination
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2023) Kolesnikov, M.; Gerasko, T.; Paschenko, Yu.; Pokoptseva, L.; Onyschenko, O.; Kolesnikova, A.
Global climate changes cause the frequent recurrence of droughts, which reduce crop production more than any other environmental factor. This study was conducted to access the effect of water deficit on maize seeds (Zea mays L.) DKC 5143 hybrid during germination. The tasks were to assess the influence of different rank of osmotic stress on the maize lipid peroxidation (LPO), proline content, catalase and aminotransferases activities, and morphometric parameters during the early stages of maize seeds germination. The maize seeds were exposed to five levels of water availability which produced by PEG-1500 solutions (0, 20, 50, 100, 200 g L-1 ). Seeds of maize were germinated on Petri dishes for 7 days under controlled parameters. Amounts of TBARS were increased in maize sprouted seeds by 1.9 times, coleoptiles by 1.4 times, and in roots - by 1.9 times under water deficit. Proline content increased by 9.2 times in coleoptiles and by 6.0 times in 7 days maize roots while PEG-1500 (200 g L–1 ) treatment. An increasing of catalase (CAT), aminotransferases (ALT, AST) activities according to osmotic potential value was also observed. A remarkable development of maize oxidative reaction was associated with a significant reduction in emergence, wet weight and length of water-stressed plants. These results assume that the maize adaptive strategy to osmotic stress during germination was found in the activation of LPO and antioxidant components. The findings provide useful help for correcting the stress state of maize using osmotically active regulators.
Use of calcium/iron oxide composites for sorption of phosphorus from wastewater
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2023) Karasa, J.; Ozola-Davidane, R.; Gruskevica, K.; Mikosa, L.I.; Kostjukovs, J.; Kostjukova, S.; Zekker, Ivar; Krauklis, A.E.
The development of an effective, low-cost and natural sorbent is of great significance for phosphorus removal and recovery from small and medium size industrial and municipal wastewater. Commonly used phosphorus removal methods are costly and thus rarely applied in the small-scale WWTPs. This research was aimed at preparing and characterising three different calcium/iron composites for evaluating their sorption performance for the removal of phosphorus from aqueous solutions and domestic wastewater. The obtained composite materials belonging to the Brownmillerite mineralogical subgroup were characterised by the Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), specific surface area analysis by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was found that for aqueous solutions the sorption process is pH- dependent, showing the optimal sorption conditions for phosphorus removal at pH 3 to pH 6. However, all three proposed composites significantly increased the pH of wastewater. All three tested materials adsorbed phosphorus from wastewater. Maximal phosphorus adsorption capacity from the domestic wastewater was 17.75 mg g-1 , 8.25 mg g-1 and 4.46 mg g-1 for CaFeOxide, CaFeHydr and CaFeReg respectively. In further research it is planned to develop an environmentally friendly and cost-effective phosphorus recovery technology with the potential to apply the used sorbent as a slow-release fertiliser in agriculture.
Potential impacts of chitosan on growth, yield, endogenous phytohormones, and antioxidants of wheat plant grown under sandy soil conditions
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2023) El-Bassiouny, H.M.S.; Abdallah, M.M.S.; Al-Ashkar, N.M.; Bakry, B.A.
A field experiment was carried out in sandy soil, during two winter successive seasons to study the impacts of different concentrations of chitosan (50, 100 & 150 mg L-1 ) on several growth parameters and biochemical changes as well as quantitative and qualitative grain yield. Foliar treatment of chitosan significantly increased the growth parameters concurrently with an increment in the photosynthetic pigments, total soluble sugar, proline, free amino acid total carbohydrates, antioxidant activities, phenol, flavonoids, and some minerals nutrition of wheat plant. Wheat plants treated with chitosan at different concentrations significantly increased different endogenous phytohormones auxins (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellins (GAs), and cytokinins (Cyt), as compared with the untreated plants. Moreover, chitosan concentrations induced significantly increments in grains yield, nutritive values, carbohydrates %, proteins %, antioxidant compounds and macronutrients of the grain yield. Cultivation of wheat plants under sandy soil conditions and treated with foliar application of 100 mg-1 chitosan gave the higher values of the grain yieldas well as the nutritional values contents.
A digital transformation into occupational health and safety systems: a review of the best practices in Europe
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2023) Demikhov, O.; Opanasiuk, Y.; Demikhova, N.; Merisalu, Eda; Estonian University of Life Sciences. Institute of Forestry and Engineering. Chair of Biosystems Engineering
Digitization is actively spreading and widely implemented in the occupational health and safety (OHS) systems. Progressive technologies make it possible to effectively implement digitalised systems in all the elements of management cycle - from planning to monitoring, evaluation and solutions in the different economy sectors. Aim. The purpose of the article is to give a review on the current state of digital transformation in OHS policy of European countries and Ukraine and identify the positive and negative aspects of digitization in OHS management systems. Method. The review is based on full research articles, reports and conference proceedings in Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar database, where the keywords ‘digitization’, ‘occupational health’, ‘safety’, ‘robots’ and ‘management systems’ for literature search have used. Results. In total 51 sources were under analysis, including 23 full research articles and 28 publications from EU-OSHA, ILO and OECD. The database formation and use of big data systems and control tools for monitoring and assessing work environment, digital guidelines, legislation and e-teaching platforms are the main digital instruments in OHS management systems. Use of workplace navigator programs helps to collect necessary information and make right regulations by the law. Use of new digital technologies allows more effectively perform OHS inspection, service and risk prevention functions, and diminish work related injuries and illnesses. Conclusions. A new ideology of public policy in developing digitalised OHS management systems (DOHSS) will make the evidence-based solutions effective and achieve high safety standards and stimulate business growth of specific industries on the national and EU level. The best European experiences of digital transformation into OHS management systems can be implemented also in Ukraine.
Yield and morphology of Nopalea cochenillifera under N fertilization and biological inoculation
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2023) Cruz, E.R.T.; Teixeira, F.A.; Fries, D.D.; Jardim, R.R.; Cruz, N.T.; Rossa, F.; Santos, A.P.S.; Porto, E.M.V.; Silva, H.S.
The objective was to evaluate the effect of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and levels of nitrogen fertilization on the productive aspects of the spineless cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera). The experiment was carried in Ribeirão do Largo, Southwest region of the state of Bahia, from April 2019 to April 2020. The experiment was carried out in a 2×4 factorial, in a randomized block design with eight treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of the absence or inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and nitrogen fertilization levels 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg– ¹ of N ha–¹ . There was a positive effect for the use of the bacteria on cladode area index, height, number of secondary, tertiary and total cladodes, total weight for cladodes of all orders and also for final weight per ha–¹ . There was a significant effect of the use of the inoculant for the levels of total soluble sugars and starch, where there was a decrease in the values for the treatments submitted to the use of the bacteria. There was a quadratic effect for the weight of the tertiary cladodes, number of tertiary cladodes and total of spineless cactus when submitted to nitrogen fertilization levels. There was a linear test for cladodes area index when nitrogen fertilization was used. The use of Azospirillum brasilense is positive for the cultivation of spineless cactus, improving development and increasing crop productivity.
Theoretical study of the conditions of the maximum allowable slipping of wheel tractors
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2023) Bulgakov, V.; Chernysh, O.; Adamchuk, V.; Nadykto, V.; Budzanivskyi, M.; Olt, Jüri; Estonian University of Life Sciences. Institute of Forestry and Engineering
The process of tractor wheels slipping is accompanied by two forms of ground deformation: displacement and shearing. From the point of view of preserving the structure of the soil environment, wheel slip should be limited to displacement only. The limit of soil strength [σo] at this deformation can be a standardizing parameter. In this article an analytical dependence is developed, which allows using the parameter [σo] to establish the maximum permissible level of slipping of wheeled tractors. Of the soil parameters, the specified dependence includes the coefficient of sliding friction between the particles of soil medium and the coefficient of wheel rolling resistance on a particular agrotechnical background. Theoretical studies have established that the greater the value of this coefficient, the smaller should be the maximum permissible value of tractor slipping with a more economical effect on the soil environment. Compared to a tractor with a nominal drawbar pull of 14 kN, the use of a heavier tractor with a drawbar pull of 30 kN is possible with higher values of maximum permissible towing. This result is due to the magnitude of the vertical load on the wheel of the heavier tractor, which gives it a greater friction force between the tire wheel and the ground and allows the same contacting traction force to be realized at a lower level of slipping. The results of mathematical modeling using the developed analytical relationships indicate that with increasing the value of the angle of placement (slope) of the tractor wheel to the longitudinal axis of symmetry, the maximum permissible level of its slipping should be less. This will help to reduce the value of deformation (longitudinal shift) of the soil by the tractor during its working movement. When using the ground shear strength limit [σo] у as a limiting parameter for increasing the pitch and height of the tractor tire, as well as the width of the tractor wheel tyre, the maximum permissible level of its towing is more than 15%, which is an undesirable fact.
Analysis of the power balance of a solar catamaran
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2023) Berjoza, D.; Jurgena, I.; Einstals, A.
Significant changes are expected in the percentage distribution of vehicles in the world over the next decade. It is planned to gradually replace conventional internal combustion vehicles with electric drive ones, thereby reducing environment impacts and the production of gases contributing to the greenhouse effect. It is necessary to foster similar trends regarding watercraft, replacing the internal combustion engines with electric motors. An experiment used a solar-powered catamaran equipped with a standard electric motor Minn Kota Endura 34, a 450 W monocrystalline solar cell and a 40 Ah lithium iron 12 V battery. A pyranometer was used to measure solar energy. The experiment used a data logger GL 220 that measured the energy flow to the battery and the electric motor. The experiment was conducted in Jelgava on 5 July 2022, with the maximum altitude of the sun reaching 56.7°. The experiment identified that at an average solar intensity of 500 W m-2 on a sunny day, the solar catamaran could be moved by means of solar energy without discharging the batteries at all power settings.
Using multi-frequency electrical conductivity measurement to determine the selective salinity in a two-component salt solution
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2023) Horváth, J.; Kátai, L.; Czinkota, I.; Szabó, I.
Digital technologies can help farmers produce safe, sustainable, high-quality food while contributing to the fight against effects of abiotic and edaphic factors. Due to digitalization, a paradigm shift occurred in agriculture, which boosted sensor technology's rapid development, especially soil sensors. Using sensors and the digital knowledge of soil properties, farmers can better understand the needs of the fields and cultivated plants on a micro-scale, thereby saving resources and putting less strain on our environment. The relative salinity of our soils is an important aspect because of the impact on production costs and yield. The future of site-specific crop production is moving towards a sensor-based on-the-go measurement approach because obtaining important soil characteristics quickly and cheaply is still one of the biggest challenges in precision agriculture today. Measuring soil electrical conductivity (EC) could offer an opportunity to overcome these limitations if the different salt components of soil could be separated by analytical methods. In our study, we present a calibration model based on conductometry with which the selective potassium and calcium content can be determined in the laboratory under controlled conditions. Solutions containing K+ and Ca2+ cations in the concentration determined in the experimental model were mixed and measured by changing the frequency of the measuring current. In this study, measurements proved that a mathematical relationship can be used to describe the relationship between the composition and concentration of the two-component solution, the measurement frequency and the conductivity. The potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) content of the solution can be separated from each other, and a regression calibration curve can be recorded, from which the proportion of potassium and calcium in the given solution can be determined as a function.
Effect of sapropel fertilizer on the quality of the yield of some field crops
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2023) Zarina, L.; Cerina, S.; Proskina, L.
Sapropel is specific water body sediments containing a high level of organic matter formed from remains of water biota mixed with mineral components. One of the most promising utilisation ways of sapropel is agriculture where it can be used as soil amendment to improve soil physical properties and thus obtain economically viable and high quality yield of field crops. For three years the experiments were conducted at Priekuli Research Centre of the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Economics. Dehydrated sapropel mass from Lake Bizas was studied as soil biological fertilizer to determine its suitability for use in field crop production. Researches were carried out in organic crop rotation, in the fields of potato, winter rye and field bean. Three different doses of sapropel fertilizer were applied. During the three-year period (2020–2022), the yield indicators of the plant species included in the study were evaluated, and the quality of the yield of these species was assessed. The results of research confirm the positive effect of sapropel on yield quality indicators - protein (field beans), starch (potatoes) falling number and 1,000 seed mass (winter rye).
The laboratory estimation of essential oils as biological methods against black cherry aphids M. cerasi
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2023) Eisa, M.A.S.; Matsera, O.; Cagáň, Ľ.
Plants' essential oils play a considerable role in the plant integrated protection systems against harmful insects. Therefore the aim of our study was to find the potential repellency and toxicity effects of essential oils (EOs) from Allium sativum L., Ocimum basilicum L., Lavandula angustifolia Mill, Eucalyptus globulus, Labill and Curcuma longa L., and two chemical substances DEET (N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) and 2-Undecanone on the black cherry aphids Myzus cerasi. Repellent peculiarities were evaluated at five different concentrations: 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2% and 1.5%, with 4 replications at the interim of 15 and 30 minutes for an olfactometer test and mortality was evaluated after 2, 6 and 24 hours for insecticidal activity test. The repellent index was most influenced by the concentration of essential oil; the percentage of influence was 64%. At the same time, the highest repellency index 95% was achieved at a concentration of 1.5% when using essential oils of A. sativum and E. globulus, as well as when using 2-Undecanone within 30 minutes of waiting. A contact toxicity (mortality) test in Petri dishes showed efficacy for all tested oils and chemicals after a 6-hour treatment period. The lowest concentration that ensured 100% insect mortality was 0.9% when using E. globulus essential oil. The lowest lethal concentration (LC50) value of 0.00240 mL/10 mL was obtained with O. basilicum oil and the lowest LC98 value of 0.28209 mL/10 mL was obtained with E. globulus oil after a 6-hour treatment period.
Microstructure analysis and Hardness of Al C355.0 with step varying weight of Hematite particulate reinforcement
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2023) Rajesh, T.R.; Venkatanarayan, B.; Vutukuru, S.K.; Prabhakar Kammar, B.
A detail study on the microstructure of engineered Al C355.0 metal matrix with step varying weight of hematite particulate reinforcement from 0–12% in the step of 3% by using stir casting method in the copper chills with and without water circulation is carried out in the present work. It was earlier realized that copper chills increase the hardness of metal matrix compared to its base alloy. The novelty lies in the circulation of water during solidification process so that a stronger matrix reinforcement bonding, low cluster regions, grain reinfinement with minimum porosity could be achieved. The maximum hematite particulate size was 150 μm. From the Scanning Electron microscope, it is clear that there was good distribution of reinforcement in the matrix but not exactly clear whether it is uniform or non-uniformly distributed. SEM and XRD analysis results show the presence of hematite in the matrix. With increase in reinforcement the hardness increased up to 9% of the reinforcement and then decreased. It is concluded that water circulation on casted composites have good effect in improving the hardness of the Al C355.0 at 9% of hematite resulting to BHN 128 and without water circulation it was found to be BHN 124. It is realized that water circulation improves the hardness of the composite for all the cases with hematite as particulate reinforcement for Al C355.0.
Milk yield of cows in some European countries and the implementation of automatic milking systems
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2023) Gaworski, M.
The research study addresses the problem of implementing progress in agricultural production. This problem was developed on the basis of equipping farms with automatic milking systems (AMS). Different forms of progress can be identified on a dairy farm, including technical progress represented by AMS and biological progress expressed by milk yield of cows. The purpose of this research study was to compare whether the milk yield of cows in certain European countries meets the requirements for utilizing the milking potential of automatic milking systems. The study used information on the suggested amount of milk that an one-stall milking robot should milk per year. The second group of data was the annual milk yield of cows in the European Union countries and Great Britain. In eight countries, the annual milk yield of cows was in the range of 8,601–10,600 kg. It was found that in 2020, in these eight countries of the European Union, the milk yield of cows was at a level that meets the performance requirements of one-stall milking robot.
Review of agronomic and genetic diversity of Moroccan rice varieties, and their resistance to blast disease (Pyricularia oryzae)
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2023) Elwahab, F.; Sedki, M.; Brhadda, N.; Ziri, R.
The study on agronomic and genetic characteristics of rice has given us scope to select varieties with desirable characteristics to mitigate various constraints. Rice (Oryza sativa) is the staple food for half of the world's population. However, its production is hampered by a variety of biological constraints. The Blast disease (Pyricularia oryzae) is an important rice disease, and one of the most effective control methods is to use resistant varieties. Study areas in Morocco include the Gharb plains. For all methods, cultural practises like soil levelling seem to be important, but biological control is not widely adopted due to cost, efficacy, and climatic conditions. The bibliographic synthesis was carried out in this context with the main goals of contributing to a better understanding of rice cultivation in Morocco; to identify and characterise the structure of the rice blast pathogen (Pyricularia oryzae), which will allow us to characterise the effects of rice blast; and to research on the Gharb rice field, which resulted in resistant varieties, which will potentially allow producers to have resistant varieties to overcome the diseases. The introduction and development of new rice varieties with high agronomic and socioeconomic value; the selection of lines with high yield, good grain quality, and precocity that are adapted to Moroccan conditions; as well as the development of new lines from Moroccan rice, are among the specific goals.

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