Avaldamisel

Selle kollektsiooni püsiv URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10492/3352

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Nüüd näidatakse 1 - 20 34

Evaluation of maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines for tolerance to Aluminum toxicity using selection indices
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2025) Zishiri, R.M.; Mutengwa, C.S.; Tandzi, L.N.; Manyevere, A.
Selection of genotypes with better yield performance when exposed to stress (biotic or abiotic) is key objective for every plant breeding program. Aluminum toxicity is one of the significant constraints to maize production in acidic soils in many parts of the world. The aim of this study was to identify desirable genotypes with Al tolerance based on selection indices at seedling stage and identify the most effective selection indices under Al stress conditions. 75 Quality Protein Maize (QPM) genotypes were evaluated in CRD with three replicates in the laboratory using a nutrient solution screening method. Additionally, the same genotypes were also screened in the greenhouse arranged in RCBD with three replicates using soil bioassays. The genotypes were exposed to aluminum (Al) toxicity and non-toxic conditions. Data were collected and seven selection indices namely: Stress susceptibility index (SSI); stress tolerance index (STI); geometric mean productivity (GMP); Tolerance index (TOL); Stress Resistance Index (SRI); Percentage Reduction (PCRD); and Mean Productivity (MP) were calculated. Dry Matter (DM) yield under Al toxicity and non-toxic conditions had highly significant (p < 0.001) effects with GMP, STI, SRI and MP, suggesting that these indices have the potential to differentiate genotypes for Al tolerance. Significant and negative correlations were observed between DM and PCRD, TOL, and SSI. Indices that had highly significant and very strong correlations amongst themselves were PCRD with SSI (r = 1.00), and GMP with STI (r = 1.00). The most desirable selection indices that can be used to select tolerant QPM genotypes included GMP, STI, SRI, PCRD, and TOL as they had strong correlations with dry matter under Al toxicity. The tested genotypes were classified into four groups using the principal component (PCA) analysis known as QPM genotypes with high performance under both environments (Group 1), those with high performance under optimum conditions (Group 2), genotypes with high performance under Al stress conditions (Group 3) and those with low performance under both conditions (Group 4). The top five most tolerant maize inbred lines were CML 486, QSY 2, IBL 9, IBL 5 and IBL 4. These tolerant genotypes could be used as parent material for hybridization programs in developing Al tolerant cultivars.
LED light distance and split fertilization effects on growth and morphological characteristics of red lettuce in urban cultivation system
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2025) Ramadhani, F.; Lakitan, B.; Suwignyo, R.A.; Susilawati, S.
Light intensity and nutrients needed for plant growth are important factors in cultivation systems. Information regarding the distance of light sources and fertilization intervals for growing red lettuce in urban cultivation systems is still limited. This study evaluated the effects of LED light distance (35 cm and 50 cm) and split fertilizers (2nd and 3rd) on the growth and morphological of red lettuce in urban cultivation systems. The results showed a significant interaction between light distance and fertilization on morphological traits (leaf, stem, and root growth) and physiological parameters (chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll). The distance of the light source had no significant effect on anthocyanin accumulation. A source light of 35 cm (SL-35) exhibited more dominant vegetative growth in the canopy, as indicated by a higher shoot weight ratio (SWR). The growth was predominantly concentrated in shoot tissues, with maximum leaf size achieved around 14 days after complete leaf expansion. Plants receiving split fertilization reached maximum leaf expansion slightly earlier, at around day 12. The leaf area was accurately estimated using a zero-intercept quadratic linear regression model based on leaf length and width (R² = 0.9851).
Stagnation and opportunities in seed pathology and thermotherapy research
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2026) Manguana, G.D.; Cardoso, M.H.; Martínez, M.H.P.; Manhique, L.L.; Oliveira, M.R.; Nhantumbo Júnior, M.A.; De Carvalho Neto, S.; Da Silva, H.F.; Nobre, G.S.; De Souza, M.C.; Pimentel, A.A.B.; Da Silva, E.C.; Do Nascimento, L.C.
Ensuring the supply of high-quality, pathogen-free seeds is crucial for global food security. Despite its importance, research integrating seed pathology and thermotherapy lacks a comprehensive analysis. This study employs a bibliometric approach to map the research landscape of these fields by analysing 2,562 documents from 462 sources retrieved from the Web of Science and Scopus databases (2005–2023). The results reveal a scientific output characterd by sustained growth and high productivity, with a strong annual growth rate of +11.1%, indicating a dynamic and expanding field with continued research interest. The research is characterd by an overwhelming predominance of national studies, while international collaboration remains exceptionally low (only 1.037%). The thematic focus is primarily on fundamental physiological topics such as Germination and Vigor, although the relevance of Seed Treatment and pathogen control is increasing. Innovative approaches such as thermotherapy thus represent a strategic opportunity. To transform this scenario, we propose a new paradigm that combines interdisciplinary approaches, digital technologies, and global cooperation to develop sustainable solutions for emerging seed health challenges. This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of gaps and trends in this integrated field, offering practical tools to prioritise future research in thermotherapy and international collaboration, with significant implications for developing climate-smart agriculture.
Impact of combining fungicide use with calcium fertiliser for managing maize downy mildew
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2026) Suriani; Mirsam, H.; Endriani; Meithasari, D.; Ariyanti, E.L.
Downy mildew is one of the most destructive diseases of maize worldwide. Disease prevention needs to be done at an early stage of plant growth. Maize is most susceptible to downy mildew between 10 and 45 days after sowing (DAS). This study aims to determine the effectiveness of applying fungicides in the early stages of plant growth combined with the addition of calcium nutrients. The research was conducted in Maros Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, using a randomized block design two factor design. The first factor was five levels of fungicide application frequency, while the second included four fertiliser elements. The downy mildew inoculum source plants were planted and inoculated with Peronosclerospora spp. one month before planting the test genotypes. The results showed that repeated fungicide sprays in the early stages of plant growth effectively suppressed the downy mildew infection by 19.30%. Meanwhile, the first fertilisation at 10 DAS with nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium (NPCa) was the most effective in suppressing downy mildew compared to other fertilisation packages. The treatment combination of three repeated fungicide applications (10, 15, and 20 DAS) with NPCa fertilisation can reduce the incidence of downy mildew by up to 33.23%. However, this combination resulted in lower yields compared to NPK fertilisation. Consequently, further research is required to explore the most effective method for applying potassium and calcium fertilisers.
Agronomic performance of 105 varieties of barley for malting purposes under field conditions using a sustainable approach
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2026) Román-Gutiérrez, A.D.; Rojas-Zamora, U.; Vázquez-Cuevas, G.M.
Barley is widely recognized as one of the four major crops, along with wheat, maize, and rice. Nowadays, these characteristics are as desirable as ever under the sustainable crop production wing. As such, research regarding alternatives for increasing yield and quality production has led to different trends where Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO), variety breeding, and the mapping of desirable genetic trends are probably among the main goals within cereal research. Considering the aforementioned, this research aimed to study the main agricultural characteristics of 105 different varieties of barley growing under field conditions following a sustainable agricultural practice protocol, including their resistance against some of the most common threats to this crop (yellow rust, leaf rust, and barley yellow dwarf virus). This included varieties from different regions, and the most commonly used ones by local producers. Results from this study showed that 10.9% of the tested varieties were able to fully grow. More importantly, these included 2 out of 4 locally grown varieties. Regarding plants’ resistance to diseases, all germinated varieties showed similar traits. However, when looking at the seed proximate analysis, five of these varieties were shown to be unsuitable for malting purposes. Overall results showed that a small percentage of varieties (7.61%) meet both disease resistance and malting standards under a sustainable agricultural practice. These results allow for the identification of the strengths of locally produced crops under commonly used agricultural practices as a viable alternative to the use of agrochemicals.
Breaking new ground: floristic diversity and conservation implications in Bordj Bou Arreridj Forests, Algeria
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2026) Belloula, S.; Khababa, N.; Tiet, R.; Amara Korba, R.
This study assessed the floristic diversity and conservation status of two ecologically significant forests in Bordj Ghedir region, southeastern Bordj Bou Arreridj, Algeria: Ouled Hanneche (10,221.69 ha) and Ouled Khelouf (8,580.47 ha), covering a combined area of 18,802.16 hectares. Field inventories conducted in March 2023 across 13 stations, with 13 plots collected using random sampling methods. We identified 71 plant species from 32 families and 64 genera. The Asteraceae and Lamiaceae families were dominant. Hemicryptophytes and Therophytes were the most abundant life forms, and chorological analysis indicated a predominance of Mediterranean elements. Ecological indices (Shannon H' up to 3.602; Simpson 1-D up to 0.97) confirmed high species richness and diversity, particularly in the Ouled Hanneche forest. Despite this richness, the ecosystems face threats from overgrazing, wildfires, and insect pests. The findings provide a critical baseline for conservation and underscore the need for sustainable management strategies, including protected area enforcement and community engagement, to preserve this unique Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot.
Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions for polyphenols from Algerian Phlomis Crinita (Cav.) by response surface methodology
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2026) Ait Chaouche, F.S.; Boukhari, N.
The aim of this study is to determine the optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) to maximize the yield, total polyphenols content and antioxidant activity of Algerian Phlomis crinita (Cav.) extracts. The effect of extraction parameters is evaluated by response surface methodology (RSM). The antioxidant activity of the extracts is determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay. The maximum yield obtained from ultrasound-assisted extraction is 18.54% (g per 100 g) with a total polyphenols content of 175.75 mg of Gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per gram of extract and an antioxidant activity expressed by the value of the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 7.51 mg L-1 of Phlomis crinita extracts. The optimum conditions for this result are 60 min for extraction time, ultrasonic power of 40 W, a ratio of 1:20 g mL-1 for vegetable matter/solvent and a methanol concentration of 70% (v v-1). The results confirmed the efficiency of ultrasonic extraction and response surface methodology in optimizing the extraction of bioactive compounds from Phlomis crinita.
Economic analysis of intensive sheep fattening models: application of SWOT and Porter's five forces methods to fatteners in the steppe areas of Algeria
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2026) Benabderrahmane, A.; Souiher, N.; Souiher, K.; Chinoune, S.
The present study provides a comprehensive economic assessment of intensive sheep-fattening systems in the steppe region of Djelfa, Algeria. SWOT analysis and Porter's Five Forces are used in conjunction with advanced multivariate methodologies to create an integrated framework that incorporates economic, strategic, and quantitative viewpoints. Based on a 2024 field survey of 371 farms, three economic models are developed, distinguished by flock size and fattening phase. The results reveal a consistent improvement in profitability with larger flocks: net profit margins vary from 23.81 to 41.88 USD per head, with economic return rates of 64% to 80%. Feed expenses are the largest cost component (43–52%), emphasising producers' reliance on external inputs and vulnerability to feed price volatility. A positive and significant effect of flock size and fattening duration on profitability is confirmed by multiple regression, MANOVA, path analysis, and logistic regression, while price volatility exerts a negative impact. Large-scale enterprises benefit from economies of scale and stronger bargaining positions, whereas smaller farms remain vulnerable. The study calls for: (i) targeted support for small-scale fatteners, (ii) the promotion of sustainable management practices, and (iii) the organization of cooperative value chains to enhance regional competitiveness. By combining economic, strategic, and quantitative perspectives, this investigation offers novel insights into the determinants of profitability and sustainability in sheep-fattening systems across steppe environments.
Estimating spring wheat nitrogen use efficiency via proximal and UAV sensing in Northwest Latvia
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2026) Jansone, Z.; Bleidere, M.; Putniece, G.
Phenotyping nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is labour-intensive and time-consuming, often requiring destructive biomass sampling. Cost-effective sensing tools provide a promising alternative for rapid assessment of numerous wheat genotypes. In this study, sixteen spring wheat genotypes were evaluated in Latvia over three consecutive years (2021–2023) under two nitrogen fertilization levels (N75 and N150) in a split-split-plot design with two replicates, totaling 64 plots. NUE consistently differed between N rates and was strongly influenced by year-specific environmental conditions, providing contrasting scenarios for testing sensing approaches. To capture this variation, two platforms were tested for spectral estimation of NUE: a low-cost proximal phenomobile equipped with an RGB sensor, and an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with a multispectral sensor. Canopy reflectance was measured at three growth stages (tillering, flowering, and milk development) to calculate 8 proximal and 9 UAV-based visible-spectrum vegetation indices (VIs). Although relationships between VIs and NUE were environmentally dependent, significant and robust correlations were found. Proximal sensing generally provided stronger prediction models, with the Normalized Green-Red Difference Index (NGRDI) and Green Area Index (GA) consistently most predictive across years. The milk development stage (GS75) proved optimal for NUE estimation. Comparisons of NGRDI between platforms demonstrated their compatibility, though UAVs offer higher throughput for large-scale phenotyping. These findings highlight the potential of integrating agronomic evaluation with canopy reflectance traits to support breeding and precision nitrogen management.
Effects of different spacing and polybag sizes on growth of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) seedlings in the main nursery
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2026) Afandi, A.M.; Halimatul, A.S.; Amanina, N.S.; Norliyana, Z.Z.; Meilina, O.A.; Mohd Shahrin, R.; Nik Khairol, A.M.; Hasnul, A.M.M.
The significance of regulating spacing and polybag size in the primary oil palm nursery lies in ensuring an optimal growth environment for uniform and healthy seedlings. However, current recommendations provide limited quantitative evidence on how reduced spacing and smaller polybags influence seedling performance, leaving gap in a practical nursery management guideline. Therefore, an experiment was carried out in the oil palm main nursery to evaluate different spacing design and polybag sizes up to 14 months after planting (MAP). The spacing arrangement of seedlings significantly affected their growth performance compared to polybag sizes. Spacing below 0.75 m produced tall and etiolated seedlings, with height increasingly by 19.60% at 8 MAP and up to 32.00%at 12 to 14 MAP, accompanied by excessively elongated rachis length which made them unsuitable for field planting and problematic for nursery handling. In contrast, using smaller polybag size of 30 cm × 38 cm (12" × 15") resulted in only minor growth differences compared to the standard polybag, with no negative effect on seedling performance or nutrient content up to 12 MAP. There are specific needs for optimum seedling performance unrestricted by growth competition, minimal risk of etiolation, good survival rate, easy nursery maintenance, and reduced maintenance costs for higher profits. Based on current research findings, seedlings considered appropriate for field planting at 10 to 12 MAP must meet some specific criteria; including a bole diameter ranging between 49 to 64 mm, a total frond production between 11 to 15 per seedling, rachis length of frond 3 between 58 to 93 cm, seedling height within the range of 118 to 179 cm, and a petiole cross-section between 1.48 to 2.10 cm2. These findings support the importance of maintaining acceptable spacing while supporting the use of smaller polybags to reduce costs without compromising seedling quality.
Changes related to storage conditions in the quality of quail eggs of different sizes
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2026) Kryeziu, A.J.; Ramadani, X.; Kamberi, M.A.
This study assesses the impact of storage temperature – ST (4–6 °C and 20–22 °C), storage duration – SD (7, 14, 21, and 28 days), and egg weight group – EWG (A ≤ 10, B = 10.01–11.00, C = 11.01–12.00, D = 12.01–13.00 gram) on the EWL as well as quality attributes of 400 quail eggs. Various parameters were assessed, including egg weight loss (EWL), external quality attributes: egg weight (EW), egg shape index (ESI), eggshell weight (ESW) and eggshell thickness (EST), and internal characteristics: albumen weight (AW), albumen index AI, albumen pH (ApH), Haugh unit (HU), yolk weight (YW), yolk index (YI), yolk pH (YpH), yolk color (YC) and yolk/albumen ratio (Y/A). This comprehensive analysis aimed to provide a thorough understanding of the eggs' physical and internal qualities. The data obtained was analyzed using JMP IN 7, revealing impacts of ST, SD, and EWG on quail eggs quality (P <0.05). The storage temperature parameters not only demonstrated statistically significant differences in AW (P < 0.05) but also in YI, and YpH (P <0.05). Parameters such as AI, YW, ESW, EST, ESI, Y/A, YC, HU, and YpH did not reflect statistically significant differences by ST (P > 0.05). SD had significant impact on AW, AI, ApH, HU, YW, YR, YI, Y/W, YC and YpH (P <0.05). Changes in AW, AI, YW and HU were observed based on EWG (P < 0.05). Furthermore, significant effects (P < 0.05) were found for interactions between ST×SD×EWG on EWL, AW, YW, and Y/A. This research is focused on providing a comprehensive overview of storage conditions, necessary to maintain quality eggs.
Productivity and quality indicators of soybean varieties in the conditions of the western forest-steppe of Ukraine
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2026) Konyk, H.; Stasiv, O.; Tymchyshyn, O.; Tkachenko, L.; Rudavska, N.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of seed inoculation with the nitrogen-fixing preparation HiStick® Soy, the mycorrhiza-forming preparation Mycofriend®, and foliar application of the multicomponent fertilizer StimOrganic on the yield and quality parameters of the soybean varieties Tytan and Mozart under the agroclimatic conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe. Field, laboratory (for determining seed quality indicators), and statistical methods (for evaluating data reliability) were applied. Field experiments were conducted on grey forest surface-gleyed soils. Inoculation of soybean seeds with HiStick® Soy increased individual plant productivity: the average number of pods per plant increased by 2.1% in Tytan and 0.8% in Mozart; the number of seeds per plant increased by 2.2% and 0.58%, respectively; and the grain weight per plant increased by 3.4% and 3.1%. The highest yields were achieved when soybean seeds were treated with Mycofriend® and received foliar fertilization with StimOrganic in combination with HiStick® Soy inoculation - 3.29 t ha-1 for Tytan and 3.52 t ha-1 for Mozart. In these treatments, crude protein content in soybean seeds increased compared to the control by 1.1% in Tytan (up to 39.1%) and 1.8% in Mozart (up to 37.4%). These results can be applied in agricultural practice to enhance soybean productivity and produce high-quality grain.
Productive and feeding performance of dairy cows fed sugarcane bagasse ammoniated with urea and cottonseed
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2026) Ribeiro, A.S.; Pires, A.J.V.; Santos, D.C.; Albuquerque, M.L.P.; Silva, F.F.; Dutra, I.C.; Amorim, S.S.; Galvao, P.C.S.; Santos, M.L.S.; Amaral, M.V.; Publio, P.P.P.; Oliveira, G.R.S.
The objective was to evaluate the use of ammoniated sugarcane bagasse (ASB) and cottonseed (CS) in the diet for lactating cows and their effects on intake, nutrient digestibility, dairy performance, microbial synthesis and ingestive behavior. The experiment was carried out at Bela Vista Farm (Encruzilhada-BA) and at the Forage and Pasture Laboratory of UESB (Itapetinga-BA), using eight multiparous ½ Holstein/Zebu crossbred cows with an average lactation of 20 kg day-1 and body weight of 454.7 ± 23.6 kg. The cows were distributed in two 4×4 Latin squares, in a 2×2 factorial scheme, evaluating ammoniated sugarcane bagasse (30% or 40%) associated or not with cottonseed (0% or 18%). The experiment had four periods of 21 days, 17 of adaptation and 4 of collection, totaling 84 days. The interaction between the proportions of ASB and CS was not significant for any of the variables evaluated. The inclusion of 30% sugarcane bagasse obtained from sugarcane bagasse resulted in higher intakes of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), and total digestible nutrients (TDN), without influencing the consumption of neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein. Higher intake (P < 0.05) of DM, CP, NFC, and TDN was observed in the diet without sugarcane bagasse, and in the diet with sugarcane bagasse, EE intake was higher (P < 0.05). The ASB content and the inclusion of CS influenced digestibility at 40% ASB, and with CS, they provided lower digestibility. Furthermore, individual factors did not affect these variables (P < 0.05). Feed efficiency and percentage of total solids in milk were higher for diets with 40% ASB. The use of 40% ASB with CS is recommended.
Species composition and population structure of phytopathogenic fungi in sugar beet agrocenoses of shortrotation crop rotations in the western forest-steppe of Ukraine
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2026) Kyselov, D.; Kalenska, S.
This study analyzed the species composition and population structure of phytopathogenic fungi in short-rotation sugar beet agrocenoses of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Based on 150 samples (90 roots and 60 rhizosphere soil samples) collected from fields of PE “Zakhidnyi Buh”, a total of 240 fungal isolates were identified. The dominant taxa included Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Phoma betae, Rhizoctonia solani, and Botrytis cinerea, accounting for more than 90% of the rhizosphere mycobiota. The genus Fusarium was the most abundant (48 ± 3.5%), forming a stable infectious core of the agroecosystem. Short-rotation crop sequences (wheat-soybean-beet and maize-soybean-beet) were found to increase the isolation frequency of F. oxysporum by 25–30% and Phoma betae by 18–22% compared with other systems, while the share of Rhizoctonia solani in rotations with maize reached 16%. Soil type significantly influenced the species profile: F. oxysporum predominated in calcareous sandy soils (≈35%), whereas F. solani and P. betae were dominant in chernozems. Morphological variability of Fusarium isolates (pigmentation and sporulation level of 2.5×10⁵–1.8×10⁶ spores mL⁻¹) indicated high adaptability and potential for the formation of virulent races. Ecological analysis revealed a low alpha-diversity level (H′ = 1.13–1.32) and a high dominance index (D = 0.42–0.51), indicating structural simplification and increased pathogen specialization. Three functional fungal groups were distinguished – primary pathogens (Fusarium spp.), opportunists (Phoma betae), and necrotrophs (Rhizoctonia, Botrytis) – which form a hierarchical model of the parasitic complex. The results confirm the cumulative effect of short crop rotations and demonstrate the necessity of integrating biocontrol agents (Trichoderma, Gliocladium) and ecological soil sanitation measures to restore microbial balance and reduce infection pressure in short-rotation systems of the Western Forest-Steppe.
Effect of different date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) compost modalities on soil parameters in the Algerian Semi-Arid Zone
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2026) Rebai, M.; Guimeur, K.; Boulelouah, N.; Bedjaoui, H.; Haddad, D.
In the vast regions of eastern Algeria, the calcareous soils are characterised by low fertility. Moreover, these soils frequently lack organic matter and essential nutrients, limiting sustainable yield potential. This study aimed to assess the impact of using locally sourced date palm compost with mineral fertilisers on the improvement of soil fertility in a cereal-based system. A field experiment was arranged in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with 11 treatments: date palm compost applied at three rates (C1: 30 t ha⁻¹, C2: 50 t ha⁻¹, C3: 70 t ha⁻¹), either alone or combined with monoammonium phosphate (C1M, C2M, C3M: 100 kg ha⁻¹ MAP) or urea (C1U, C2U, C3U: 50 kg ha⁻¹ urea), one treatment with sheep manure at 45 t ha⁻¹, and an untreated control.. The study evaluated the effects of varying rates of date palm compost and mineral fertilisers on soil chemical characteristics at two depths (0–20 cm and 20–40 cm). Results indicated that elevated compost rates, whether applied alone or combined with mineral fertilisers, significantly improved organic matter content, nutrient availability, and soil chemical balance at both depths. Combined treatments C3U (70 t ha⁻¹ compost + 50 kg ha⁻¹ urea) and C3M (70 t ha⁻¹ compost + 100 kg ha⁻¹ MAP) showed the greatest improvements, with C3M identified as the optimal treatment. Integrated date palm compost fertilisation is well-suited to the region's calcareous soils, enhancing nutrient availability, improving soil fertility, and efficiently utilising a locally available resource. These findings suggest that integrating date palm compost with mineral fertilisers is a sustainable approche to improving soil fertility in semi-arid mediterranean systems.
Productivity of modern Bulgarian and Polish winter triticale varieties in three locations in Bulgaria
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2026) Muhova, A.; Stefanova-Dobreva, S.; Stoyanov, H.; Ur, Z.; Bonchev, B.
A comparative four-year field trial of triticale productivity was conducted in two climatic regions of Bulgaria. The work was carried out on the experimental fields of the scientific institutes in Sadovo, Chirpan and General Toshevo at the Agricultural Academy (Bulgaria). Ten triticale varieties - Bulgarian and Polish selections, were studied. Sowing for each variety was carried out on an area of 10 m² in 3 repetitions, after a predecessor of sunflower without applying fertilizers. Environmental conditions were assessed using the De Marton Index. Grain yield, the influence of the variety, the conditions of the year and the location were analysed, and the highestyielding varieties for each agrometeorological region were identified. The significant differences in the mean values were calculated using the least significant difference (LSD) procedure and the significant F-test. The results showed that the effects of the variety, location and the total effect of the variety and location are similar and medium in size. The Avocado (5,357.0 kg ha-1), Doni-52 (5,357.0 kg ha-1) and Casino (9,231.0 kg ha-1) varieties are underlined in terms of grain yield in the three regions, Chirpan, Sadovo and General Toshevo, respectively. The highest average yield was achieved in General Toshevo (7,452.0 kg ha-1), followed by Sadovo (5,494.0 kg ha-1) and Chirpan (4,918.0 kg ha-1). 2021 was the most successful in terms of production, which is associated with semi-humid conditions in General Toshevo, Chirpan and Sadovo, according to the De Marton Index.
A cost-effective and simplified protocol for fungal DNA extraction using silica-based grinding, without liquid nitrogen or lyophilization
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2026) Benzahra, H.; Mrabti, I.; Grijja, H.; Samdi, A.; Selmaoui, K.; Afechtal, M.
Efficient DNA extraction from filamentous fungi is often hindered in developing countries because of the limited availability of liquid nitrogen and lyophilization, which are widely used for breaking down the fungal cell walls. While the production and storage of liquid nitrogen pose significant environmental concerns owing to their high carbon footprint and associated costs, the adoption of lyophilization is restricted by its substantial operational expenses. To address these challenges, a cost-effective and accessible CTAB-based DNA extraction protocol was developed, utilizing silicon dioxide as an abrasive, along with mortar and pestle grinding. This approach eliminates the dependency on liquid nitrogen and lyophilization. DNA was successfully extracted from the mycelia of Colletotrichum sp.1, Colletotrichum sp. 2, and Penicillium sp. using the developed protocol. Spectrophotometric quantification revealed high average DNA concentrations. Purity was assessed using A260/280 and A260/230 absorbance ratios, which fell within the recommended range, indicating minimal contamination and high-quality DNA. DNA integrity was further confirmed by PCR amplification using ITS1 and ITS4 primers, producing expected amplicons of 594 bp for both Colletotrichum species and 585 bp for Penicillium. This protocol provides a reliable and affordable alternative for DNA extraction from fungal mycelia, enabling broader accessibility to laboratories with limited resources.
Manifestation of elements of seed productivity of plants of the national collection of edible buckwheat (Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench.)
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2026) Tryhub, O.V.; Liashenko, V.V.; Bahan, A.V.; Shakalii, S.M.; Yurchenko, S.O.; Rybalchenko, A.M.; Kryvoruchko, L.M.; Shevchuk, V.M.
Today, a significant part of the zoned varieties of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) are included in the national collection and are constantly monitored for a complex of economically and breeding-important traits. The purpose of the study is to investigate the variability and interrelationships of seed productivity indicators in samples of the national collection of buckwheat in terms of productivity and precocity. The research material was 232 samples of the national collection of buckwheat in Ukraine. The research was conducted during 2007–2024 in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Ustymivsk Plant Research Station of the V.Ya. Yuryev Institute of Plant Production). According to the results of the research, the selected samples of buckwheat showed a yield level of more than 380 g m-2, plant and inflorescence productivity - more than 2.0 g and 0.05 g, respectively, and a weight of 1,000 grains of more than 22 g. Valuable sources of early maturity with a vegetation period of up to 72 days inclusive were identified. A high level of variation of the studied traits was established, in particular: yield, plant productivity, inflorescence productivity, lower branch attachment height, lower inflorescence attachment height (V = 23.4–50.0%). The weight of 1,000 grains, plant height, and the duration of the vegetation period had a low coefficient of variation (V = 23.4%), which indicated a stable manifestation of these traits. A strong relationship was noted between the height of the lower branch attachment and the height of the lower inflorescence attachment (r = 0.75), yield and plant productivity (r = 0.85). Correlations of medium strength were established between plant height and the duration of the growing season (r = 0.41), yield and inflorescence productivity (r = 0.64). Valuable sources of productivity and precocity were identified among the samples of the national collection of edible buckwheat. Highly productive samples of edible buckwheat were noted - P-470 and KDS-20-23 (in terms of yield, plant and inflorescence productivity); Yuvileyna 100, Yaroslavna and SYN 3/02 (in terms of yield, plant productivity and 1,000-grain weight). Samples of edible buckwheat P-370, P-396 and Sumchanka were identified for precocity.
Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Solanum incanum: medicinal plant from Al-Baha Region
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2026) Mohammed, S.G.; Maaroufi Dguimi, H.; Bashir, S.H.; Tammam, S.A.; Abdalgadir, H.; Howladar, S.M.; Alzahrani, F.O.
Solanum incanum is a prominent medicinal plant, used to treat various ailments. The current study sought to assess the phytochemical profile, as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, of the crude methanolic extract and the corresponding chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and aqueous fractions of the leaves, stem bark, and fruits. Leaf and fruit extracts had the largest levels of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids referring to stem-bark. Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester is a major phytochemical component revealed in different plant parts, especially in stem-bark with 31.82% level. The 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester is also revealed in all plant parts, especially in leaf with 20.07%. Fruit and leaf ethyl acetate and water fractions showed the highest antioxidant capacity compared to stem-bark fractions. Using the agar disc diffusion method, antimicrobial activity was evaluated in vitro against four different bacterial species and one fungal species (Candida albicana). The ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and chloroform fractions of fruits and leaves showed strong antimicrobial activity against all microorganisms. Aqueous fraction of different plant parts was inactive or partially active against tested microorganisms. The high total content of phenols, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids, especially in leaves and fruits, correlates positively with the highest antimicrobial and antioxidant activities detected in these parts of the plant.
Development of an integrated soil quality index under prolonged green manure application of oilseed radish in crop rotation
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2026) Tsytsiura, Y.
Over a 12-year study period, the effectiveness of using intermediate green manuring with oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiformis Pers.) – applied once every two years – was evaluated under conditions of repeated application in the same field within a crop rotation system (including green manuring of crops such as grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.), with three assessment checkpoints in 2014, 2019, and 2025. The results showed that the green-manured treatment, averaged across the entire evaluation period, produced positive changes in the physical and chemical soil fertility parameters within the 0–30 cm soil layer compared with the unfertilized control. Increases were observed in humus content (by 24.65%), water absorption capacity (by 30.04%), easily hydrolyzable nitrogen (by 33.67%), available phosphorus (by 25.72%), exchangeable potassium (by 23.10%), and total porosity (by 25.04%). Decreases were recorded in bulk density (by 19.05%), particle density (by 9.95%), soil hardness (by 33.95%), and pH (by 5.60%). Green manuring also contributed to optimizing the proportion of humic acids in the humus structure by a factor of 1.2 and to achieving a total organic carbon to total nitrogen ratio of 10.36:1, representing an 11.92% increase compared with the control. As a result, the application of green manuring was reflected in an improved integrated Soil Fertility Index, with a value of 0.692 compared with 0.499 in the non-manured control.

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