2019

Selle valdkonna püsiv URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10492/5382

Sirvi

Nüüd näidatakse 1 - 20 222

Impact of using the developed starter culture on the quality of sourdough, dough and wheat bread
(2019) Savkina, O.; Kuznetsova, L.; Parakhina, O.; Lokachuk, M.; Pavlovskaya, E.
There is no technological necessity of sourdough usage when preparing wheat bread as it can be prepared without sourdough but only with yeast using. However, sourdough helps to solve such problems as fast microbial spoilage, unexpressed taste and smell, crumbling crumb. The use of sourdough prepared with directional cultivation of microorganisms allows to produce high-quality competitive bread. Developing a starter culture with an optimized microbial composition was the purpose of this study, allowing the quality and the microbiological stability of wheat bread improving. A new starter microbial composition for the sourdough was developed. Lactic acid bacteria strains L. plantarum Е90, L. brevis Е120 and yeast S. cerevisiae Y139 were selected for the new composition. It was proven that the rice products using to microorganism immobilization allows saving the largest number of living cells after drying and during storage. The rate of acid accumulation in sourdough was established. The sourdough dynamic viscosity decrease at the end of fermentation by 2.2 times was established, which means that the fermentation process leads to the sourdough liquefactio. The optimal dosage was established (5–10% flour in sourdough). This dosage provided good physico-chemical and organoleptic quality indicators of bread. It was proved that the sourdough usage allows getting good-quality bread even when the flour with unsatisfactory amylolytic activity (high drop number) is used. Slowing down the microbial spoilage in sourdough bread was proven. In general, the developed sourdough wheat bread biotechnology improves bread quality and its resistance to the ropy-bread disease.
A research on models of the photosynthetic light response curves on the example of evergreen types of plants
(2019) Korsakova, S.; Plugatar, Yu.; Ilnitsky, O.; Karpukhin, Yu.
The peculiarities of CO2 exchange in the leaves of ornamental evergreen plant species that are common in the Southern coast of Crimea were studied: Nerium oleander L., Laurus nobilis L., Aucuba japonica Thunb., and Melissa officinalis L. The results of approximation of the most commonly used four models of PN/I curves with the measured data were compared. The values of the parameters 𝑃𝑔𝑚𝑎𝑥,  (𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝), 𝑅𝐷, 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥, which were calculated from the modified Michaelis-Menten model in comparison with the measured values were higher by 5–15%, and those that were calculated by the hyperbolic tangent model – lower by 3–13%. The use of a modified rectangular hyperbola model, which is capable of describing the photoinhibition by the nonrectangular hyperbola and the modified nonrectangular hyperbola model, showed a high degree of adequacy of the proposed models for describing the true dependence between the rate of photosynthesis and the light intensity for Nerium oleander L., Laurus nobilis L., Aucuba japonica Thunb. and Melissa officinalis L. Measurements of CO2 exchange in leaves under similar environmental conditions showed significant differences in the parameters of the PN/I curves: the light compensation point, the rate of photosynthesis and dark respiration, light saturation, and quantum yield. The highest values of photosynthesis efficiency were observed in Nerium oleander, the lowest values in Aucuba japonica – the light saturation was noted at a very low photosynthetically active radiation. The lower values of the light compensation point and the saturation constants in Laurus nobilis and Aucuba japonica indicate their effective use of the photosynthetically active radiation, which allows them to survive in conditions of durable shade.
Properties of soil and peat humic substances from Latvia
(2019) Klavins, M.; Purmalis, O.; Grandovska, S.; Klavina, L.
The acidity, elemental, functional and spectral (UV, fluorescence, IR spectra) characteristics of humic substances isolated from soils of different origin and peat in Latvia are described and compared with values common for humic substances of different origin, to evaluate the character of processes during humification. Substantial dependence of properties of humic substances on the humification conditions are found.
Development of formulation and technology of yogurt with prolonged shelf life enriched with biologically active substances from fennel seed extract
(2019) Dubrovskii, I.I.; Arseneva, T.P.; Evstigneeva, T.N.; Gorshkova, S.B.; Bazarnova, Y.G.; Iakovchenko, N.V.
Spray drying is most common drying technology in food industry and can be used as an alternative to freeze drying method for the production of extracts in powder form. Fennel seeds are used to treat diabetes, bronchitis and chronic cough. They possess antibacterial, antifungal, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and antidiabetic activities. The aim of this study was to obtain fennel extract in dry form and investigate the influence of dry fennel extract incorporation on the possibility of yogurt production. The effect of inlet temperatures on wettability, solubility, moisture content and water activity of spray-dried fennel seed extract obtained by decoction technique was investigated. The inlet temperature 165 °C was preferred. Lactic acid accumulation during fermentation occurs faster in the sample with fennel powder. Based on the results of rheological, organoleptic, physico-chemical properties, water-holding capacity and shelf life of the finished product, the recommended doses of dried fennel powder for yogurt manufacture is not more than 1%.
Blends of unrefined vegetable oils for functional nutrition
(2019) Simakova, I.; Volf, E.; Strizhevskaya, V.; Popova, O.; Kozyreva, V.; Karagulova, E.
The unbalanced ratio of ω-3/ω-6 of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) causes a number of alimentary-dependent diseases, and the intake of capsulated forms as biologically active additives does not always take into account the established eating behavior of the population and the hedonic aspect of food consumption in general. The Saratov region is one of the leading agricultural regions in the Russian Federation, one of the leaders in the cultivation and processing of low-used but valuable oily raw material, such as seeds of mustard, milkthistle, camelina, safflower. The object of the study were the above listed oils and their food compositions obtained by blending. The functionality and biological efficiency of the initial oils were investigated by gasliquid chromatography. Applying the methods of mathematical modeling, new food systems with the specified characteristics were designed (achieving the optimal ratio of ω-3: ω-6 acids). The most promising samples were selected through sensory analysis. Functional and sensory properties were taken as reference points for selection. The developed mathematical model is applicable to this food system, which was proved by the study conducted empirically. As a result of the work performed, blends of elite unrefined vegetable oils with health-promoting properties were obtained; their use in nutrition is designed to contribute to the formation of a healthy and active longevity in general, as well as to the minimizing the deficit of essential factors of nutrition in the child's body, athletes in the popular sports and sports of records.
Effect of rotors on the parameters of hop drying in belt dryers
(2019) Rybka, A.; Heřmánek, P.; Honzík, I.
This article contains a design and verification for a technical solution aimed at optimising the hop drying process in belt dryer and at increasing the quality of the final product. Above the first belt of our belt dryer two evenly distributed double-arm rotors were installed and tested in operation to improve the permeability of the drying air through a flattened hop layer, as well as to improve the speed of drying. The measurements carried out in operation and comparing the drying process with the rotors switched on and off concluded that by inclusion of rotors the hop layer becomes more permeable, and when switched on, the rotors have a positive effect on faster reduction of the relative humidity and on increase of the drying air temperature. With rotors switched on, the percentage drop in the drying air relative humidity at the third inspection window of the first belt, compared to the first inspection window, was 41% on average (values obtained from data loggers and fixed sensors), the drying air temperature increased by 29%, and the hop moisture content decreased by 12%. Whereas with rotors switched off, the drop in the drying air relative humidity was only by 26% on average, the drying air temperature increased only by 14%, and the hop moisture content decreased by 12%. Based on long-term monitoring of fuel consumption during the whole harvesting season starting 2011 until 2017 inclusive, the average annual consumption of LFO (2011–2014) results in 494 L t -1 operating without rotors, and 431 L t -1 when operating with rotors (2015–2017). This implies that due to the implementation of rotors, the fuel saving being 13% is significant.
Conversion of an industrial cutaway peatland to a Betulacea family tree species plantation
(2019) Neimane, S.; Celma, S.; Butlers, A.; Lazdiņa, D.
To evaluate the potential of establishing a deciduous tree plantation on an industrial cutaway peatland over an 8 ha large experimental site was established in the central part of Latvia and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) and black alder (Alnus glutionsa (L.) Gaertn.) tree species were planted. As it is a harsh and unfavorable environment wood ash, otherwise a waste product, was used as a fertiliser and liming material in three applications (5, 10 and 15 t ha-1 ). In comparison with control, fertilised soils had higher Ca, Mg, P amounts, whilst the most substantial difference was seen in the amount of K. Application of wood ash also considerably increased soil pH from 3.5 (Control) to 5.9 (15 t ha-1 ). Even though showing reduced growth in unfertilised soil both alder and birch seedling survival rate was higher than 80%. The highest survival rate for birch was under wood ash treatment, while alder under 10 t ha-1 wood ash fertiliser treatment showed the lowest survival rate i.e. 81%. In total, more than 60 naturally occurring vegetation species were observed in the first and the second year of sites establishment after fertilisation. Species as Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Populus tremula, Pinus sylvestris, Salix spp. often occurred from natural vegetation regeneration. Already after one year of vegetation succession increase in tree and shrub species cover was observed, suggesting perhaps such areas can be naturally afforested thus creating a more heterogeneous forest stand. In such a way sustaining economic use of land resources after peat extraction while providing other ecosystem services.
Assessment of a low-cost solar water heating systems in farrowing facilities
(2019) Damasceno, F.A.; Osorio, J.A.; Alves Oliveira, C.E.; Ferraz, P.F.P.; Brandão, L.F.
The objective of this study was to develop a prototype solar heater using alternative materials and then to compare its thermal efficiency against that of two other commercial solar heating systems when heating the floor of piglet housing. To evaluate the thermal heaters, temperature sensors were installed in the inlet and outlet of each floor and the thermal reservoir. The results showed good performance, however the thermal efficiency of the alternative heater was lower than the conventional systems. However, due to the construction of this solar collector with alternative materials its cost was relatively low and its operation is easier than the other conventional heater, therefore this heater is a good alternative to use for small livestock producer.
Evaluation of retention stresses of prestressing bars of a concrete ribbed panel from agricultural building after 20 years of service
(2019) Kiviste, Mihkel; Lille, Harri; Linnus, Lauri; Halgma, Riho; Estonian University of Life Sciences. Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering. Chair of Rural Building and Water Management
In Estonian agricultural buildings there exist a lot of precast concrete load-bearing structures, which were manufactured in the 1970s and 80s. By now, some of these are rather near for reaching their designed service life. 20 years old prestressed concrete ribbed ceiling panels (type PNS-12) with the dimensions of 6 m (length) by 1.5 m (width) from an existing agricultural building (pigsty) are the subject of current study. The objective of current study was to evaluate the retention stress of prestressing bars (PSBs) of a ribbed panel PNS-12. In other words the purpose was to find out how much of the factory-issued initial prestress was left at the PSBs after 20 years of service. As a novel application in civil engineering strain gauges were applied in the evaluation of retention stress of PSBs in current study. The active strain gauges were glued to the opposite sides of PSBs at the middle-span of the ribbed panel, dummy gauges were glued to the unloaded steel slab. Strain gauges were connected to the half-bridge and measured with strain indicator and recorded. Retention stresses were calculated using the Hooke’s law through the measured strains and elastic modulus of steel. Elastic modulus of PSBs was also measured using the universal testing machine Instron 3369 and software Bluehill 2, based on two standards. The results demonstrated about 20.8% and 10.0% of retention stress of PSBs, respectively. The possible errors created by different aspects in experiment are also discussed.
Effect of ultrasonic treatment on the dissolution of milk solids during the reconstitution of skim milk powder
(2019) Popova, N.; Potoroko, I.; Kretova, Y.; Ruskina, A.; Tsirulnichenko, L.; Kalinina, I.
The producing reconstituted milk products that retain the same sensory properties as those of raw milk products is of high interest to the food industry In the technology of producing reconstituted milk processing products, the most significant factor that determines the component transition degree and the usefulness of the product being produced is the recombination process. It determines the possibility of bringing the organoleptic characteristics of reconstituted milk to the properties of the genuine one. One promising method to improve the process of milk powder recombination is ultrasonic exposure. The aim of the present study is to improve the process of milk powder recombination using ultrasonic exposure. The results of the conducted studies show that the ultrasonic treatment eliminates the agglomerates of dried milk particles in water and provides more accessible interaction between the particles and water, and as a result, improves the recombination process. The application of ultrasonic treatment during the reconstitution of the skim milk powder improved the dissolution of milk solids, as evidenced by around a 75% reduction in the amount of centrifuged insoluble sediment. The mass fractions of protein and lactose have increased by 4.8 and 6.5%, respectively.
Measure of thermal transmittance of two different infill wall built with bamboo cultivated in Tuscany
(2019) Bambi, G.; Ferraz, P.F.P.; Ferraz, G.A.S.; Pellegrini, P.; Di Giovannantonio, H.
Bamboo is used in different scenarios of application, its physical and mechanical characteristics guarantee a high flexibility of use especially in the buildings constructions. The experience gained in civil constructions demonstrates that bamboo can be considered a sustainable material able to replace wood in many constructive elements with structural functions. The applications of bamboo aimed at carrying out structural functions are thoroughly studied. For this reason the present research focuses on the thermal insulation performance. To ensure an approach focused on the sustainability of potential exploitation, the research examined only local material coming from three bamboo fields located in the Tuscany region (Italy). The material harvested and suitably treated was utilized for the realization of two different kind of wall, undergone later to experimental tests in compliance with the ISO 9869 standard for the calculation of the transmittance values. The measure of transmittance enabled to know the characteristics of thermal conduction of bamboo walls. The first wall was made of cut throw longitudinal axis bamboo culms; the second one was made of cut throw longitudinal axis bamboo culms coated in internal face with a sustainable mortar. The test was carried out using insulating thermal box with internal temperature under control. The calculation of the transmittance in place was compared with the images captured by thermal camera. Thermal imagine allowed to highlight the behaviour of the material subjected to a thermal stress induced by the experimental test.
Determination of activation energy of the pellets and sawdust using thermal analysis
(2019) Kunecová, D.; Hlaváč, P.
The aim of this study is to describe the thermophysical properties of pellets and sawdust. Samples were chosen with regard to sustainability and environmental friendliness of materials. The main object of this paper was the investigation of thermal degradation of selected samples. Industrial pellets from Slovakia and sawdust from household source were compared. Materials suitable for pyrolysis are organic materials that degrade at increased temperature. Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin are main components of biomass (wood) in varying proportions. Thermal processes were carried out from 25 °C to 850 °C using inert nitrogen atmosphere. Heating rate was linear from 5 °C min-1, 10 °C min-1 to 20 °C min-1. Mass decrease to 150 °C corresponds to release of water and other lighter unbound hydrocarbons. Samples lose 6–8% of their mass due to the temperature. At main decrease the mass loss was between 62% and 69%. In some cases this decrease is in two drops that end at the temperature around 500 °C. Pyrolysis can be considered to consist of independent parallel reactions. In order to make theoretical groundwork for biomass pyrolysis available, activation energies were calculated with the help of two kinetic models (Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa model). The residuals from pyrolysed samples are determined and temperature dependent profiles of the materials were obtained.
Analysis of plant materials pre-treated by steam explosion technology for their usability as insulating materials
(2019) Schnabel, T.; Huber, H.; Petutschnigg, A.; Jäger, A.
Raw materials of annual plants fibres are not easily usable for industrial production applications. Pre-treatment of the annual plant fibres is necessary to increase the homogeneity of the material and to improve the material properties. This study deals with the influence of steam explosion treatment on the quality of annual plant fibres used as insulating material. Maize and wheat straw were selected for production of insulating panels. To clarify the changes within the structure of the plants due to the pre-treatment process material analysis was carried out using FT-IR spectroscopy and raster electron microscope. Furthermore, the bulk density and the thermal conductivity were analysed as important values for insulating materials. The results showed that the pre-treatment process homogenizes the materials and the processes could be used for the production of bulk insulation.
Investigation of various factors on the germination of chia seeds sprouts (Salvia hispanica L.)
(2019) Nadtochii, L.A.; Kuznetcova, D.V.; Proskura, A.V.; Apalko, A.D.; Nazarova, V.V.; Srinivasan, M.
Salvia hispanica L. is capable to produce a large amount of green matter, which can be used as a source of biologically active substances. The purpose of this research was to select the optimal factors for the chia seed sprouts (Salvia hispanica L.) germination. Dark variety chia seeds (100 grains/sample) were investigated. The most significant factors for the process of sprouting were selected as the study factors, such as the water mass fraction, the temperature and the light exposure for seed germination. The output parameters of the experiment were seed germination energy, germination of seeds, speed of germination and seedling vigor. It was revealed that the mass fraction of added water had the greatest influence on the growing process of chia seed sprouts. The optimal amount of water for producing the chia seed sprouts was in the average of 4 mL/sample. As a result, it was noted that an insufficient or excessive amount of water had a negative effect on the chia seed sprouts germination. The optimum temperature for germination of chia seed sprouts was 25 °C. The optimal light factor was also determined; in particular light exposure peaks occur in the red spectrum with a wavelength of 660 nm and a blue spectrum with a wavelength of 450 nm.
Behavior of B20 fuels in arctic conditions
(2019) Sirviö, K.; Niemi, S.; Help, R.; Heikkilä, S.; Hiltunen, E.
Several renewable and sustainable liquid fuel alternatives are needed for different compression-ignition (CI) engine applications to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and to ensure proper primary energy sources for the engines. One of the shortcomings of several bio oils and first generation biodiesels has been their cold properties. Still, the need for alternative fuels is also present in arctic areas where the storing of the fuels may become problematic. The main aim of the current study was to determine how the storage related properties of fuel blends change if the fuels first freeze and then melt again. The samples were analyzed three times: as fresh, and after the first and second freezing-melting phase transitions. The share of renewables within the blends was 20 vol-%. Rapeseed methyl ester (RME) and animal-fat based methyl ester (AFME) were blended with LFO in a ratio of 80 vol-% of LFO and 20-vol% of RME or AFME. The investigated and compared properties were the FAME content of the neat FAMEs, and kinematic viscosity, density, oxidation stability index, and acid number of the blends. Cold filter plugging point was measured for AFME and its blend. According to the results, the quality of the FAMEs and their blends did not change significantly during the freezing over. The freezingmelting phase transition seems, thus, not to be as big a threat to the fuel quality as the high temperatures are. According to the results of this study, the studied fuels were feasible after the freezing-melting phase transition.
Effect of environmental temperature during the of brooding period on growing period of pullets viscera and tibia
(2019) Cândido, M.G.L.; Tinôco, I.F.F.; Barbari, M.; Freitas, L.C.S.R.; Dos Santos, T.C.; Andrade, R.R.; Gates, R.S.; Conti, L.; Rossi, G.
Poultry production in subtropical and tropical regions faces many problems, one of which is the high air temperature causing thermal stress, particularly dangerous in high-producing birds. Thus, the negative effects caused by heat stress (HS) must be managed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of four different levels of HS in viscera and tibia of pullets. A total of 648 chicks (Lohmann LSL Lite) were used in this study in two different phases. The pre-experimental phase (PEP) was from day 1 through 6 weeks of age. The birds were reared with three different environmental temperatures: thermal comfort, hot and cold. The experimental phase (EP) was conducted from the 7th to the 17th week. Pullets from each thermal environment of the PEP were submitted to: 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C. At the end of the 17th week of age 120 pullets were euthanatized and the organs, heart, liver, spleen and gizzard were weighed, as also their tibias. Effects of PEP, and its interaction with EP, were not significant (P < 0.05) for viscera and tibia weight. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in heart weight with the decrease of the environmental temperature was observed, being the pullets subject to 20ºC and 25 °C with the heaviest weights. For the liver, pullets subject to the 35 °C had the lowest weight and were different (P < 0.05) from the other three treatments. For gizzard, the difference (P < 0.05) was between the treatments 20ºC and 35 °C. These results indicate that brooding temperatures tested during the first 6 weeks of life did not affect the viscera and bone weight during the growing phase.
Development of symbiotic interactions in the faba bean (Vicia faba L.) roots
(2019) Dubova, L.; Senberga, A.; Alsina, I.; Strauta, L.; Cinkmanis, I.
Double-inoculation of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) seeds before sowing with rhizobium bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi is a known agronomic practice. It improves symbiotic nitrogen fixation and enhances legume supply with mineral elements and water. Effective symbiosis makes it possible to replace some of the required mineral fertilizer needed for plant growth with symbiotically fixed. This will ensure more environmentally friendly agricultural production. The formation of an effective symbiosis depends on a number of biotic and abiotic factors affecting the biochemical signals released by the partners. The biochemical mediator for symbiosis formation is flavonoids. The aim of this experiment was to test the effects of rhizobial and mycorrhizal inocula on symbiosis formation under different temperatures. Beans are an important source of protein for animal feed and human consumption. Four cultivars of faba beans were used - two V. faba var. minor Beck. -‘Fuego’ and ‘Lielplatone’, and two V. faba var. major Harz. - ‘Bartek’ and ‘Karmazyn’. The combination of microorganisms for seed inoculation influenced the frequency of root mycorrhization and abundance of arbuscules. The content of flavonoids in seed exudates correlated (r = 0.93) with germination temperatures. The use of mycorrhizal fungi alone or in combination with rhizobia reduced the amount of flavonoids in the bean seed exudate. In the pot experiment the amount and size of nodules significantly differed between cultivars. Use of mycorrhizal preparation mitigated the effect of inadequate germination temperature. Higher degree of mycorrhization and more intense formation of arbusculs formation was observed in the bean roots grown in vegetation pots in comparison with field ones. Local bred ‘Lielplatone’ had significantly better compatibility with microsymbionts in local agroclimatic conditions.
Determining external friction angle of barley malt and malt crush
(2019) Vagová, A.; Hromasová, M.; Linda, M.; Vaculík, P.
This paper deals with determining the amount of external friction angle of barley malt and malt crush depending on the load size. Barley malt is a basic raw material for production of the traditional Czech Pilsner type of beer. The angle of internal and external friction is one of the basic parameters of bulk materials. Friction among individual grains of material, i.e. a connection with the forces, applied between individual material particles, includes the internal friction angle. Conversely, the external friction angle is the angle in which the bulk material begins to move on the other material (steel). A two-roll mill (or disc mill and hammer mill) was used for the malt crush manufacture, which is used in the traditional malt processing in beer production. During crushing on this machine, we used the passage of the milled material through a gap between two counter-rotating cylinders. The results of barley malt and malt crush external friction angle, depending on the load size of the barley malt and the malt crush on mobile prototype device, are from 8 to 22°. The mobile prototype device is based on the following principle: a square chamber filled with a loaded material moves on the pad (steel).
Reduction of moisture and thermal conductivity of wet walls by special plaster
(2019) Topol, M.; Kic, P.; Neuberger, P.
This paper is focused on the problems of moisture reduction in old buildings. Wet walls are very common problem of old buildings, but it can appears also in new buildings as well. The moisture in the wall influence the insulation quality; bigger heat losses continuously cause problems of worse heat balance, higher consumption of energy for heating and it can result in not sufficient indoor conditions in such a room or building. Old rural residential buildings and also agricultural buildings for housing of animals, storage of different materials, workshops etc. could be repaired and reconstructed by the used of some special methods. The application of special plaster can reduce the walls moisture as well as improve the thermal properties of the buildings by reduction of thermal conductivity. This paper includes the results of laboratory experiments focused on research of plaster properties (temperature, moisture and thermal conductivity) and tests provided in the real building. Different measuring principles, enabling mutual comparison of results were used for this research. The measurement results showed a significant effect of high wall moisture on the heat losses. Differences between the walls improved by new tested plaster and old untreated walls are discussed in this paper. Obtained results from this measurements and findings may be useful for further research in this issue as well as for the practical solutions for similar problems in many old buildings.
Compost-bedded pack barns in the state of Minas Gerais: architectural and technological characterization
(2019) Oliveira, V.C.; Damasceno, F.A.; Oliveira, C.E.A.; Ferraz, P.F.P.; Ferraz, G.A.S.; Saraz, J.A.O.
Compost bedding pack (CBP) barns have been receiving increased attention as an alternative housing system for dairy cattle. Thus, a systematic investigation of the primary management practices of dairy cattle in CBP barns in the state of Minas Gerais (Brazil) has proven to be of environmental and economic relevance. The aim of this research was to summarize the compost bed data, barn dimension data and to determine the major interactive factors in the success of bed composting from qualitative and quantitative methods. Data for this study was collected from 16 CBP barns, distributed throughout the southern state of Minas Gerais (Brazil) between March 2017 and July 2018. These data were used to describe the building layouts and dimensions, to identify barn management practices, and to characterize the compost bedding material concerning moisture content. The majority of these barns had feed alleys and driveways; overshot ridges with frequent orientation from NE to SW; bedding process and aeration using mechanical tillage. The average bedding moisture content was found to be 36.9 ± 5.2% (w.b.). Based on the information found, it is possible to evaluate that there is still no defined construction pattern, with a high variation of size and technologies employed.

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