2019, Vol. 17, No. 2

Selle kollektsiooni püsiv URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10492/5393

Sirvi

Nüüd näidatakse 1 - 20 30

Properties of soil and peat humic substances from Latvia
(2019) Klavins, M.; Purmalis, O.; Grandovska, S.; Klavina, L.
The acidity, elemental, functional and spectral (UV, fluorescence, IR spectra) characteristics of humic substances isolated from soils of different origin and peat in Latvia are described and compared with values common for humic substances of different origin, to evaluate the character of processes during humification. Substantial dependence of properties of humic substances on the humification conditions are found.
Spatial variability of litter temperature, relative air humidity and skin temperature of chicks in a commercial broiler house
(2019) Ferraz, P.F.P.; Ferraz, G.A.S.; Schiassi, L.; Nogueira, V.H.B.; Barbari, M.; Damasceno, F.A.
The thermal environment inside a broiler house has a great influence on animal welfare and productivity during the production phase. Among the importance of the chicken litter is the function of absorbing moisture, provide thermal insulation and provide a soft surface for broilers. The skin temperature is an important physiological parameter to quantify the thermal comfort of animals, its variations may occur as a function of thermal variables. So, the aim of this work was to analyse the magnitude and spatial variability of chicken litter temperature and relative humidity of the air and to correlate them with the spatial distribution of chicks’ skin surface temperature throughout the broiler house during the 7th, 14th and 21st days of the chicks’ life, using geostatistical techniques. The experiment was performed in a commercial broiler house located in the western mesoregion of Minas Gerais, Brazil, where 28,000 male Cobb chicks were housed. The heating system consisted of an industrial indirect-fired biomass furnace. The heated air was inflated by an AC motor, 2,206 W of power, 1,725 RPM. Geostatistical techniques were used through semivariogram analysis and isochore maps were generated through data interpolation by kriging. The semivariogram was fitted by the restricted maximum likelihood method. The used mathematical model was the spherical one. After fitting the semivariograms, the data were interpolated by ordinary kriging. The semivariograms along with the isochore maps allowed identifying the non-uniformity of spatial distribution of the broiler litter temperature throughout the broiler house for 3 days of chicks’ life. It was observed that skin surface presented a positive correlation with the litter temperature and a negative correlation with the air humidity. The semivariograms along with the isochore maps allowed identifying the non-uniformity of spatial distribution of the litter temperature, air humidity and skin temperature of chicks throughout the broiler aviary for the three days. In addition, the use of geostatistics and distribution maps made possible to identify different environmental conditions in regions inside the broiler house that may harm the development of chicks.
Properties of biofuel fly ash and capabilities of its use for agricultural needs
(2019) Kulokas, M.; Zaleskas, V.; Pedišius, N.; Praspaliauskas, M.; Buinevičius, K.
The use of various types of biomass for energy production provides great prospects for reducing the consumption of fossil fuels and the negative impact on the environment. However, the use of biomass, in particular agromass for this purpose, results in relatively large amounts of bottom ashes and fly ashes, the composition and properties of which also raise a number of additional environmental problems. The composition and properties of fly ash are investigated in the paper, taking into account the possibilities of utilizing them for soil fertilization and other applications. Fly ash samples were collected from bunkers of flue gas cleaning equipment (electrostatic precipitator and cyclones) installed after water heating boilers, which are firing wood chips and chuffed straw. The composition of fly ash was determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) while particle size distribution was obtained using scattered-light aerosol spectrometer. Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI) was used to separate fly ash into 14 groups by particle diameter, and the analysis of their composition showed differences in the composition of the fly ash collected in cyclones and Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP). An analysis of the composition of samples in regard to the existing heavy metals norms and considering concentrations of elements beneficial to the growth of plants, enables to prepare recommendations for fertilization. The determined alkalinity of fly ash pH 13 confirms the possibility of their use for reducing soil acidity. The analysis of fly ash composition has shown that they contain elements, important for plant growth (Ca, Mg, K, P, N, S), and their concentrations determine the further use for soil quality improvement because the amount of these elements in the acid soils is reduced.
Effect of two housing systems on performance and longevity of dairy cows in Northern Italy
(2019) Leso, L.; Pellegrini, P.; Barbari, M.
The objective of the current study was to evaluate and compare performance of dairy cows housed in compost-bedded pack barns (CBP) and free stall barns, with a focus on longevityrelated parameters. Study included 30 commercial dairy farms located in the Po Valley, Italy. Twenty farms had free stall barns, among which 10 used rubber mattresses (FSM) and 10 used deep straw bedding (FSS). The remaining 10 farms had CBP. Monthly dairy herd records were obtained from the Italian DHI association for each farm included in the study over a period of one year. All farms were visited to measure characteristics and dimensions of housing facilities. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the association between housing system and the outcome variables. In CBP total available area was larger than both in FSM and FSS. However, space per cow over the bedded pack area in CBP (6.8 ± 2.4 m2 cow-1 ) was relatively low for this housing system. Milk production was similar among housing systems but somatic cell count and mastitis infection prevalence resulted to be higher in CBP than in FSM and FSS. Calving interval was lower in FSS compared with both FSM and CBP while no differences were found in number of services per pregnancy. Cows housed in CBP were older and had higher parities than those in FSM and FSS while no significant differences in herd turnover rate were detected among housing systems. Results confirm that CBP housing system may improve longevity of dairy cows, which is reported to be one of the most important motivations for building this kind of housing. Nevertheless, CBP housing can pose some challenges in achieving adequate udder health and high milk quality, especially with low space per cow.
The effect of Minituber Weight on their Field Performance under a Northern European environment
(2019) Dimante, I.; Mežaka, I.; Gaile, Z.
Weight of potato minitubers as well cultivar affects field performance of minitubers. The aim of this study was to compare minitubers of four weight classes (MtC) (3 to 4.99 g, 5 to 9.99 g, 10 to 19.99 g, and > 20 g) with respect to their field performance. Three year experiments were conducted at AREI, Latvia (57°19′ N, 25°20′ E) between 2014 and 2016. Cultivars ‘Monta’, ‘Prelma’ and ‘Mandaga’ were used. A significant relationship between the number of stems and the number of progeny tubers per plant was detected and the number of stems explained 74% of variation in progeny tuber number. Multiplication rate, expressed as the number of progeny tubers > 25 mm per planted minituber, was in range from 4.2 to 13.1 tubers and was significantly affected by the cultivar and MtC. Cultivar and MtC had significant effect on the number of tubers and tuber yield per m2 . The number of progeny tubers and yield increased with increases for MtC. The highest number of progeny tubers (size > 25 mm) per m2 were obtained from minitubers > 20 g of ‘Prelma’ (93.4), but the highest yield was from minitubers > 20 g of ‘Mandaga’ (4.92 kg m-2 ). The effect of MtC was more pronounced on number of tubers than on tuber yield. Cultivar and MtC determined mean size (diameter (μ)) of progeny tubers. Mean size increased as MtC decreased. MtC had a significant effect on standard deviation (σ) only for ‘Prelma’. When σ was recalculated to coefficient of variation (CV), no significant effect of MtC remained.
Thermal comfort of pigs housed in different installations
(2019) Cecchin, D.; Ferraz, P.F.P.; Campos, A.T.; Sousa, F.A.; Amaral, P.I.S.; Castro, J.O.; Conti, L.; Cruz, V.M.F.
In an intensive production system, the environment directly influences the comfort and welfare of pigs. Animals under heat stress may exhibit behavioural changes and changes in physiological parameters, such as increased body temperature, respiratory and cardiac movements. The aim of this study was to evaluate the thermal comfort of growing and finishing pigs housed in facilities with different construction typologies. The evaluated pens were: pen with water depth (WDP) and pen with partially slatted floor (SLF). Data on the ambient thermal environment in the pens and in the outside were collected automatically using Hobo dataloggers, model U12-013. This equipment recorded the air temperature, relative humidity of the air and black globe temperature in intervals of five minutes. Subsequently the variables were used in the calculation of the temperature index of the globe and humidity. The physiological responses of the animals were collected: Surface Temperature (ST) and Respiratory Rate (RF). When analyzing the parameters: ST and RF, it was observed that the WDP pen presented a significant difference in all the observed hours, with an increase observed throughout the day, and the SLF pen presented a difference at 9:00 a.m. presenting a lower value than the other schedules evaluated. The BGHI inside the pens showed average values in the hottest period of the day slightly above what is recommended for adult pigs. Both facilities during the hottest time of the day demonstrated a similar trend in relation to the evaluated variables, so it was concluded that both pens provided the same conditions of thermal comfort for the animals.
Ranking irrigation schemes based on principle component analysis in the arid regions of Turkey
(2019) Kartal, S.; Değirmenci, H.; Arslan, F.
Water is a scarce resource and thus irrigation schemes in arid regions have become more important. The irrigation sector which uses most of the water resources has to cope with global warming, disasters and water scarcity around the world, particularly in the Mediterranean countries, including Turkey. Irrigation schemes, which were built by DSI (State Hydraulic Works) and whose operation and maintenance management was transferred to water user associations, play a crucial role in irrigated agriculture in Turkey. In order to improve the performance, weakness and strengths of irrigation schemes are determined by performance indicators (system operation, financial and production efficiency) which show the overall information about them. In the present study, seven irrigation schemes located in an arid region of central Anatolia were chosen to assess the irrigation performance using principal component, correlation and cluster analysis while quality index showed the rank of the irrigation schemes. We found that the average total annual volume of irrigation supply was 7648.58 m3 ha−1 and the average relative water supply was 1.91 during the 11 years between 2006 and 2016. In this region, higher inverse correlations were due to using surface irrigation methods (51.3%). As of 2017, the irrigation schemes have weak water distribution systems, on an average, consisting of 55.5% open canals, 22.5% canalette and only 10% pipes. According to the quality index, financial and system operation indicators are more effective than that of production efficiency indicators. In conclusion, average irrigation ratio (55.68%) can be increased by improving the water distribution system, and the technology used on both management and farm levels.
Methodology of the stress detemination in the tool module during the work of the agriculture machine
(2019) Kešner, A.; Chotěborský, R.; Linda, M.; Hromasová, M.
Machine construction is designed using by mathematical models. The frame is a fundamental part of an agricultural soil cultivation machine so that forces were transfered during transport and machine work to frame. The stress in the machine frame is important to know for the best frame design of the machine. The mathematical model included measued strain can able to design or detect deficiencies on the machine frame. Due to the transfer of forces from the tools, stress is created in the machine frame. High requirements are placed on the determination of boundary conditions for mathematical models in agricultural machinery. Various types, sizes and equipment of agricultural tools significantly affect the transfer of draught force to the machine. The direction and magnitude of the forces, that are caused by agricultural tools, it is important to find out. Ansys mechanical solver have been used to determination strain like response of frame from chisel module. The results can be used as a boundary condition for mathematical models.
Evaluating the effects of application modes and soil types on the herbicide efficacy and crop yield of pendimethalin and clomazone on transplanted pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
(2019) Glatkova, G.; Pacanoski, Z.
Field experiment was carried out in 2014 and 2015 in two locations Kochani and Drachevo in Republic of Macedonia to evaluate the efficacy and crop safety of pendimethalin and clomazone on transplanted pepper according to mode of application, (pretransplant -PRE-T and pretransplant incorporated -PTI) and soil types (alluvial soil and vertisol). The weed population in both years and locations mainly consisted annual spring and summer grasses and broadleaf weeds. Weed competition significantly reduced pepper yield. There was no recorded difference between the efficacy of pendimethalin PRE-T and pendimethalin PTI. However, the efficacy of clomazone PTI was higher than that of clomazone PRE-T in both experimental years and locations, indicating incorporation into soil if critical for clamazone. Both pendimethalin and clomazone had low efficacy on Solanum nigrum L. Pepper plants were not visibly injured by any herbicides treatments. In summary, locations and soil types did not affect herbicide efficacy and pepper selectivity. Pepper yield was markedly affected by herbicide efficacy in both years and locations.
A research on models of the photosynthetic light response curves on the example of evergreen types of plants
(2019) Korsakova, S.; Plugatar, Yu.; Ilnitsky, O.; Karpukhin, Yu.
The peculiarities of CO2 exchange in the leaves of ornamental evergreen plant species that are common in the Southern coast of Crimea were studied: Nerium oleander L., Laurus nobilis L., Aucuba japonica Thunb., and Melissa officinalis L. The results of approximation of the most commonly used four models of PN/I curves with the measured data were compared. The values of the parameters 𝑃𝑔𝑚𝑎𝑥,  (𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝), 𝑅𝐷, 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥, which were calculated from the modified Michaelis-Menten model in comparison with the measured values were higher by 5–15%, and those that were calculated by the hyperbolic tangent model – lower by 3–13%. The use of a modified rectangular hyperbola model, which is capable of describing the photoinhibition by the nonrectangular hyperbola and the modified nonrectangular hyperbola model, showed a high degree of adequacy of the proposed models for describing the true dependence between the rate of photosynthesis and the light intensity for Nerium oleander L., Laurus nobilis L., Aucuba japonica Thunb. and Melissa officinalis L. Measurements of CO2 exchange in leaves under similar environmental conditions showed significant differences in the parameters of the PN/I curves: the light compensation point, the rate of photosynthesis and dark respiration, light saturation, and quantum yield. The highest values of photosynthesis efficiency were observed in Nerium oleander, the lowest values in Aucuba japonica – the light saturation was noted at a very low photosynthetically active radiation. The lower values of the light compensation point and the saturation constants in Laurus nobilis and Aucuba japonica indicate their effective use of the photosynthetically active radiation, which allows them to survive in conditions of durable shade.
Estonian dairy farms’ technical efficiency and factors predicting it
(2019) Luik-Lindsaar, Helis; Põldaru, Reet; Roots, Jüri; Estonian University of Life Sciences. Institute of Economics and Social Sciences
Milk production is a complex process whose efficiency depends directly on the inputoutput ratio and indirectly on the decisions made at farm and animal level. Decisions made about farm hygiene, dairy cows’ milk yield, cows’ age at first calving etc. affect farms’ efficiency. The aim of this study is to provide an understanding of the factors that affect dairy farms’ technical efficiency. A two-stage approach was used in this study, consisting of a data envelopment analysis (DEA) in the first stage, and classification and regression tree (CART) in the second stage. DEA determined technical efficiency scores (TE), and CART enabled to detect the main factors that influenced efficiency in dairy farms. The analysis studied at the Estonian national level FADN dataset and Estonian Livestock Performance Recording data. 147 Estonian dairy farms were included in this analysis, all of which are specialized in dairy production. DEA results demonstrated that more than half of the farms (55%) were operating efficiently or rather efficiently (TE ≥ 0.900). CART results revealed that the main variables determining efficiency are milk yield per cow's lifetime (kg day-1 ), feed costs (€ kg milk-1 ), and somatic cell count (SCC; 103 ml-1 ). Milk yield per cow's lifetime is a complicated factor as it is influenced by a lot of components (e.g. milk yield, number of lactations, age at first calving, and calving interval), but if it is known at farm level, it is also a useful variable for predicting efficiency. Feed costs per milk kg is an economic variable, i.e. lower costs are related with higher efficiency. Better hygiene (lower SCC) is also related with higher efficiency. The analysis showed that integrating farm accounts data, herd-level genetic information, and milk quality attributes enables to use more specific factors to explain the variation of TE between dairy farms.
Special tractor driving wheels with two modification of spikes inclination angle
(2019) Abrahám, R.; Majdan, R.; Drlička, R.
The paper presents a research on an improvement of tractor drawbar properties using special driving wheels. Two modifications of the special driving wheels were designed and tested under field conditions. The results were compared with standard tyres. The special driving wheels consists of the tyres with a modified tyre-tread pattern and equips with the spike segments. The special driving wheels allow to activate or deactivate the spike segments to improve a drawbar pull at worse adhesive conditions of the ground or transport on roads with standard tyres. The first modification activates all 8 spike segments at spike inclination angle 90° and the second one 4 at angle 90°and 4 at 30°. The measurements were realised in October 2017 in an area of the Slovak Agricultural Museum in Nitra. The drawbar properties of the special driving wheels were evaluated based on drawbar pull of the test tractor Mini 070 type connected with a load tractor MT8-065 type. Using the test tractor in 1st and 2nd gear, the measurements were realized at 100% wheels slip and repeated 4 times. The results show the statistically significant differences in the drawbar pull of the test tractor with different driving wheels on a grass plot. The highest increase in drawbar pull reached the value 25.56% (2nd gear) and 19.98% (1st gear) in case of the special driving wheels with 4 spike segments at 90° and 4 at 30°. In case of the special driving wheels with 8 spike segments at 90°, increase in the drawbar pull reached the value 10.09% (1st gear) and 15.21% (2nd gear) in comparation with the standard tyres.
Modeling the functional role of the microorganisms in the daily exchanges of carbon and nitrogen in intercropping system under Mediterranean conditions
(2019) Latati, M.; Rebouh, N.Y.; Aouiche, A.; Laouar, M.
Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) sequestration in plants and soil micro-organisms is considered as a major phenomenon against global warming. The modeling of this phenomenon aims at highlighting the role that the legumes-cereals mixed crop can play in the reduction of greenhouse gases. It is based on field experiments in maize (Zea mays L.)-common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) intercropped system of the cereal agroecosystem in Setif region of Algeria. For this purpose, the MOMOS model was selected and validated in a calcareous soil and low phosphorus (P) conditions. It revealed some mechanisms that control the C and N sequestration in the compartments of the complex soil-plant-atmosphere-microorganism system. CN modeling results show that the daily growth of intercropped maize with common beans is positively correlated with the microbial CN transformation during the cropping cycle, under limited P and N conditions. Thus, this approach revealed the functional role of rhizobial symbiosis in maintaining the balance between the different C and N exchanges from soil to atmosphere and from atmosphere to soil.
RGB vegetation indices applied to grass monitoring: a qualitative analysis
(2019) Barbosa, B.D.S.; Ferraz, G.A.S.; Gonçalves, L.M.; Marin, D.B.; Maciel, D.T.; Ferraz, P.F.P.; Rossi, G.
In developing countries such as Brazil, research on low-cost remote sensing and computational techniques become essential for the development of precision agriculture (PA), and improving the quality of the agricultural products. Faced with the scenario of increasing production of emerald grass (Zoysia Japônica) in Brazil, and the value added the quality of this agricultural product. The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of RGB (IV) vegetation indices in the identification of exposed soil and vegetation. The study was developed in an irrigated area of 58 ha cultivated with emerald grass at Bom Sucesso, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The images were obtained by a RGB digital camera coupled to an remotely piloted aircraft. The flight plan was setup to take overlapping images of 70% and the aircraft speed was 10 m s -1 . Six RGB Vegetation index (MGVRI, GLI, RGBVI, MPRI, VEG, ExG) were evaluated in a mosaic resulting from the images of the study area. All of the VIs evaluated were affected by the variability of lighting conditions in the area but MPRI and MGVRI were the ones that presented the best results in a qualitative evaluation regarding the discrimination of vegetation and soil.
Discrete element simulation of rapeseed shear test
(2019) Kuře, J.; Hájková, L.; Hromasová, M.; Chotěborský, R.; Linda, M.
SuiTable equipment are required for storage and transportation of rapeseed which are developed according to rules for bulk matters. It is one of reasons where bulk matter properties are important to the design. Bulk matter properties are important to known as angle of repose, internal friction, external friction, adhesivity force and other bulk properties. Experimental values of bulk properties are added to mathematical models. The model should be calibrated with adequate experiment. The shear test is one of popular calibration test for bulk matters so that be able done experiment and numerical model in one. The aim of this paper is simulation of rapeseed bulk properties during shear strain and flow and its evaluation and calibration with experimental tests. RockyDEM software was used for numerical simulation of rapeseed. Shear test, angle of repose, static and dynamic friction test were used to calibration of the numerical rapeseed model. Sensitivity of numerical model is discussed on the bulk properties.
The course of drying and colour changes of alfalfa under different drying conditions
(2019) Kic, P.
One of the conditions for successful livestock breeding and efficient livestock production is to ensure quality feed. High quality feed for livestock is alfalfa, which has a very high nutritional value and its cultivation is also important for crop production in terms of improving the soil structure and nitrogen enrichment. The aim of this paper is to inform about the experimental investigations of alfalfa drying and colour changes under different drying conditions. The results of natural convection at 27.5 °C and 40% relative air humidity are compared with forced convection at 1.2 m s -1 air flow velocity at the same air temperature and with results of drying by natural convection at 50 °C. The dry matter content was measured gravimetrically after drying in a hot air dryer at 105 °C. Higher drying rates shorten the time required for drying and earlier preservation and storage in the hayloft or in the hay bales. This reduces the risk of wetting of feed such by rain and degradation by fungi, etc. A shorter drying time is also important in terms of energy savings. The precise knowledge of the drying process and drying curves allows also to determine the appropriate time for storage and conservation for production of another type of fodder e.g. haylage or silage. The measurement results show a positive effect of higher drying speeds as well as increased air temperature. Higher drying air temperature during convection led to the partial lightening and greater yellowing of the feed.
Spatial distribution of thermal variables, acoustics and lighting in compost dairy barn with climate control system
(2019) Damasceno, F.A.; Oliveira, C.E.A.; Ferraz, G.A.S.; Nascimento, J.A.C.; Barbari, M.; Ferraz, P.F.P.
The main objective of this research was to evaluate the spatial distribution of the thermal variables, acoustics and lighting in climate controlled compost dairy barn. The experiment was conducted in October 2017, in a farm located in the west of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. For the study, the interior of the animal facility was divided into 120 meshes equidistant points, in which air temperature (tdb), relative humidity (RH), noise, illuminance, and air speed (Vair) were manually collected. The technique of geostatistics was used to evaluate the distribution and spatial dependence of variables. Spatial distribution maps showed the occurrence of high variability of attributes and content within the animal facility. Thermal environment variables showed alert situations throughout practically the entire facility. The noise and luminance levels were within the recommended values.
Assessment of production zones modelling accuracy based on satellite imaging and yield measurement of selected agriculture plot
(2019) Jelínek, Z.; Starý, K.; Kumhálová, J.
Currently, remote sensing or yield monitor equipment offer possibilities how to estimate productivity of the agriculture field. That is why the main aim of this study is to assess how the latest satellite images from vegetation season and final yield data from combine harvester can be used to predict yield and to assess site-specific zones productivity. The study is focused on the accuracy of these systems for the field productivity estimation. The 24.7 ha experimental field is located near to Vendoli village (the Czech Republic) and it is cultivated by conventional agricultural practices with emphasis on typical agricultural crops growing in the Czech Republic (winter wheat, spring barley and winter rape). The results showed that both methods of estimation can be used for yield prediction. Nevertheless, each of them need specific processing and has typical limitations.
Effect of environmental temperature during the of brooding period on growing period of pullets viscera and tibia
(2019) Cândido, M.G.L.; Tinôco, I.F.F.; Barbari, M.; Freitas, L.C.S.R.; Dos Santos, T.C.; Andrade, R.R.; Gates, R.S.; Conti, L.; Rossi, G.
Poultry production in subtropical and tropical regions faces many problems, one of which is the high air temperature causing thermal stress, particularly dangerous in high-producing birds. Thus, the negative effects caused by heat stress (HS) must be managed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of four different levels of HS in viscera and tibia of pullets. A total of 648 chicks (Lohmann LSL Lite) were used in this study in two different phases. The pre-experimental phase (PEP) was from day 1 through 6 weeks of age. The birds were reared with three different environmental temperatures: thermal comfort, hot and cold. The experimental phase (EP) was conducted from the 7th to the 17th week. Pullets from each thermal environment of the PEP were submitted to: 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C. At the end of the 17th week of age 120 pullets were euthanatized and the organs, heart, liver, spleen and gizzard were weighed, as also their tibias. Effects of PEP, and its interaction with EP, were not significant (P < 0.05) for viscera and tibia weight. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in heart weight with the decrease of the environmental temperature was observed, being the pullets subject to 20ºC and 25 °C with the heaviest weights. For the liver, pullets subject to the 35 °C had the lowest weight and were different (P < 0.05) from the other three treatments. For gizzard, the difference (P < 0.05) was between the treatments 20ºC and 35 °C. These results indicate that brooding temperatures tested during the first 6 weeks of life did not affect the viscera and bone weight during the growing phase.
Measurements of wireless detectors used to monitor animal movements in livestock farms
(2019) Hart, J.; Hartová, V.
At present, there is a great interest in monitoring and automating farm animals and livestock farming. There are many systems and methods to check the movement of animals in certain areas. One option is to use motion detectors. However, some installations are so specific that they require the use of wireless motion detectors. They not only have to fulfill their functional part but also have a sufficiently strong signal that should not interfere outside the defined ISM bands. Due to the frequent deployment of different types of these detectors, research has been carried out to monitor shortcomings in frequently used types of wireless detectors. This research defines which tested detectors are fully usable according to the standards and which need to be modified by the manufacturer. Also, based on measurements, the basic risks and recommendations for the use of individual types of tested detectors are defined.

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