Sirvi Autor "Talgre, Liina" järgi

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The advantage of Decision Support System for managing spring barley disease in Estonia
(2017) Sooväli, Pille; Koppel, Mati; Lauringson, Enn; Talgre, Liina
A Decision Support System (DSS) I - Taimekaitse focusing on use of timely applied and reduced fungicide rates in control of cereal diseases has been tested in field trials since 2003 . We compared the conventional treatment and the DSS - based spray practices in 18 field trials in five agricultural locations over 7 - year period. Efficacy of the control of net blotch caused by Pyrenophora teres (Drechsler, am Drechlera teres Sacc. Shoem), the main fungal disease in spring barley has been tested to determine the economic advantage of DSS use. Compared with the conventional spray practices, the advantage I - Taimekaitse resulted in reduction of application doses by 30 to 60% of the registered rate. According to I - Taimekaitse , the fungicides were applied mainly between heading and flowering growth stages (GS 55 – 65), whereas traditional routine spraying is commonly made at booting (GS 37 – 49) . The experiment clarifies the cost - benefit of using DSS - based approach in barley disease management with average yield increase above the control in 12.8% and above the conventional treatment in 14.1%. I - Taimekaitse gave competitive disease control and average yield output reduction compared with conventional practice by 9%. In general the Treatment Frequency Index applied in conventional treatment was 0.65 and in DSS 0.41. Although the cost of treatment expense in DSS was 20% less compared with conv entional practice, the performance of conventional used spray practices was outstanding in economic return.
Biomass production of different green manure crops and their effect on the succeeding crops yield
(Eesti Maaülikool, 2013) Talgre, Liina; Lauringson, Enn (advisor); Roostalu, Hugo (advisor)
As green manure crops and green manure undersows haven’t been comparatively studied in Estonia, the current research is focused on comparing different green manure crops and their cultivation in Estonia – both when pure sown or when undersown with cereals. Hypotheses of present thesis are: (i) when organic matter from green manure reaches the soil, its mineralization rate and its effect on succeeding crops is influenced by the way it was sown (pure or undersown), the amount of biomass, its chemical composition and weather conditions; (ii) the decomposition rate of organic matter and its release of nutrients to the soil varies with plant species; it also differs between roots and above-ground biomass; (iii)it is possible to influence succeeding crop yields by different ploughing times of green manures; the duration of the effect of the ploughed biomass depends on the plant species; (iv) the biomass formation and nutrient binding capacities of catch crops depend on the plant species, the climatic conditions and the length of the growing period. The objectives of the present study were as follows: (i) to determine the amount of the aboveground biomass and root system of various green manure crops, as well as their decomposition rate and amount of nutrients (N, P, K) introduced to soil; (ii) to investigate the duration of the effect of, and the efficiency of, biologically bound nitrogen based on the yield and yield quality of succeeding crops; (iii) to investigate the decomposition rate of organic matter at different C:N ratios; (iv) to determine catch crop biomass amount, nutrient binding capacity and effect on soil plant available nitrogen content and succeeding crop yield, and to identify catch crops most suitable for Estonian conditions. The formation of legume crop biomass varied with legume species, trial year weather and herbage use duration. Of the pure crop legumes studied by us, red clover, hybrid lucerne and white melilot produced the greatest biomass. When under sown, the amounts of biomass, N and C returned to the soil depended on aftermath formation. The amounts of nutrients returned to the soil were mostly influenced by biomass size and its nutrient content. Of the legumes used in the trials, bird’s foot trefoil was not suitable as a green manure crop when under-sown, and even when pure sown its efficiency on succeeding crop yield was the lowest. Westerwold ryegrass use reduced succeeding crop yield. The biomass of bird’s foot trefoil and red clover decomposed faster and their effect materialised in the succeeding crop yield. The effect of the lucernes and white melilot, which decompose more slowly, on succeeding crop yield materialised also in the second and third years. Another major conclusion is that it is important for the N effect of green manures to be utilised by subsequent crops. Red clover, white melilot and hybrid lucerne pure sowing biomass effect was roughly equal to that of the N100 treatment. The effect of bird’s foot trefoil was smaller than that of other leguminous green manure crops, with following cereal yield approximately equal to that after N50. Cereal yield was similar after under-sowings biomass incorporation into soil. After spring ploughing of green manure, the succeeding crop yield increased more than with spring ploughing alone, but this effect was not evident in all trial years. Where legumes were grown as under-sowings the C:N ratio of incorporated organic matter improved, which creates better conditions for organic matter decomposition in soil and reduces microbiological soil nitrogen binding. The effectiveness of catch crops depended on the choice of species, sowing time and main crop harvesting time, as well as on weather conditions during the autumn and winter. The optimal catch crops in Estonian weather conditions were fodder radish and white mustard.
Changes in the content of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in the organic and conventional cropping systems
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2023) Kuht, Jaan; Eremeev, Viacheslav; Loit, Evelin; Alaru, Maarika; Mäeorg, Erkki; Talgre, Liina; Luik, Anne; Estonian University of Life Sciences. Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences
Maintaining and increasing the stock of soil organic carbon is of vital importance in maintaining the soil fertility. In present research the changes in the content of organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (Ntot) in the soil are investigated. The data is collected from the long-term field experiment, which compares organic and conventional farming systems in a crop rotation (barley undersown with red clover, red clover, winter wheat, pea, potato) during 2014–2018. Based on the 5-year experiment, it was concluded that the cropping systems have a significant effect on the SOC content and a smaller effect on the Ntot content of the soil. The diversification of organic cropping systems with cover crops and composted cattle manure significantly increases the content of organic carbon in the soil. The results of the experiment indicate that the content of organic carbon was significantly lower (by 7.6–12.6%) in conventional systems, where pesticides had been applied and cover crops and manure had not been used, compared to the organic cropping systems. The correlations between the SOC contents of main crops and precrops were statistically more significant in organic farming system, compared to the conventional system. Highest SOC and Ntot values were observed in organic systems with cover crops and composted manure fertilization. Hence, it can be stated that in order to improve the soil fertility and fix more carbon and nitrogen, high amounts of organic material should be applied into the soil and the activity of soil microbes should be a priority. The organic cropping systems have more advantages for sustainable crop production.
The content of weed seeds in the soil based on the management system
(2017) Kuht, Jaan; Eremeev, Viacheslav; Talgre, Liina; Madsen, Helena; Toom, Merili; Mäeorg, Erkki; Loit, Evelin; Luik, Anne; Estonian University of Life Sciences
In 2008 an experiment was set up on the field in Eerika experimental station (Estonian University of Life Sciences) as a 5-field crop rotation: barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with undersown red clover, red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). The objective of the study was to measure the content of weed seeds in the soil and to evaluate the diversity of the species at the beginning of the period of organic production in 2011. In conventional farming systems without fertilizer (Con I) and conventional farming with mineral fertilizer (Con II) herbicides were used for weed control. All the crops in Con II system received P 25 kg ha-1 and K 95 kg ha-1 , but the application rates of mineral nitrogen fertilizer differed. In organic systems (Org I – organic farming based on winter cover crop and Org II – organic farming based on winter cover crop and manure), the winter cover crops (ryegrass after winter wheat, winter oilseed rape after pea, winter rye after potato) were sown after the harvest and were ploughed into the soil as green manure in spring. Organic farming systems (Org II) had a negative effect on the content of weed seeds in the soil (2.0–22.7% less seeds than in other variants). The seeds of Chenopodium album were the most abundant among summer annual weeds and the seeds of Viola arvensis among winter weeds in the soil. Organic farming measures increased the domination of Chenopodium album – the dominance index D’ was increased by 0.09–0.14 compared to conventional variants. The content of seeds of winter weed Viola arvensis in Org II variant was decreased by 82%. The index of species evenness J’ and Shannon Wiener diversity index H’ were lower in organic plots by 0.10– 0.18 and 0.60–0.19, respectively. Org II variants showed the best results based on the decrease of soil weed seed bank and distribution of the weed species.
Diversified cropping systems for promoting the beneficial insects - ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2023) Talgre, Liina; Eremeev, Viacheslav; Mäeorg, Erkki; Luik, Anne; Estonian University of Life Sciences. Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences
In agro-ecosystems ground beetles - carabids (Coleoptera: Carabidae) are important as generalist predators of invertebrate pests and weed seeds and as prey for larger animals. This way they contribute to biodiversity and influence the most important ecological processes. Impacts of crop management practices on the carabids are not well described. Carabids were studied in winter wheat which is one crop in the rotation experiment (barley undersown with clover-clover-winter wheat-pea-potato). Carabids were collected with pitfall trap during one week at the end of June 2022. In laboratory, their species was identified. Trapping of carabids during the spiking phase of winter wheat has shown significant differences in carabids activitydensity and diversity depending on five different cropping systems. In two conventional systems where pesticides were used the number of carabids was two times smaller in comparison with three organic systems. Activity-density and diversity of carabids was significantly higher in all organic systems and especially in Org II system where winter cover crops and composted manure where used for rotation diversification. The Shannon–Wiener index values, which takes into account the number of species and their relative abundance were 1.24–1.53 in conventional systems, but higher in diversified organic systems (1.60–1.78). Only in organic systems Org I and Org II there were very rare species present, like Acupalpus meridianus (Linnaeus) and Microlestes minutulus (Goeze). In diversified organic systems the higher activity-density and abundance of carabids could be explained by the diverse plant community as possible source for better food and microclimatic conditions.
The effect of sowing date on cover crop biomass and nitrogen accumulation
(2019) Toom, Merili; Talgre, Liina; Pechter, Priit; Narits, Lea; Tamm, Sirje; Lauringson, Enn; Estonian University of Life Sciences
Cover crops are important tools for reducing nitrogen (N) leaching from the soil and improving the nutrition of cash crops. In northern regions with short autumns it is important to maximise the growing season of cover crops to achieve sufficient biomass and N accumulation. The objective of the study was to evaluate the biomass and N accumulation of cover crops at different sowing dates in August. Field experiment at Estonian Crop Research Institute was conducted in 2017 and 2018 with white mustard (Sinapis alba L.), phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.), field pea (Pisum sativum L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Cover crops were sown on August 3, 8, 14 and 18 in 2017 and August 3, 8, 13, 17 and 23 in 2018. The two year experiment showed that biomass and N accumulation of cover crops were reduced with delayed sowings, but the reduction mainly depended on cover crop species. White mustard, field pea and faba bean accumulated significantly higher amount of biomass and N than phacelia, buckwheat and berseem clover at all sowing dates in both years. Because of a rapid decrease in biomass, the optimum sowing time for phacelia and buckwheat should not be later than middle of August. In both year berseem clover produced the modest amount of biomass and therefore more suited as spring sown cover crop in Estonian conditions.
Guidelines for writing and formatting final theses
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Järve, Ina; Külvik, Mart; Laarmann, Diana; Naruskov, Karin; Reinvee, Märt; Roosmaa, Ülle; Talgre, Liina
The present guide has been prepared with the aim of updating and simplifying the requirements for formatting theses at Estonian University of Life Sciences (hereinafter: the university), which were approved by the regulation No. 1-8/45 of the Rector of the Estonian University of Life Sciences on 14.12.2017. The guide regulates the formatting of bachelor's, professional higher education, and master's theses, as well as master's and integrated study program theses at the university. The updated guide is based on the university's practices for formatting written student work; therefore, it does not contain significant changes. Compared to the previous version, the guide's structure has primarily been revised, and more examples have been added, which are now enclosed within a border to distinguish them from the rest of the text. The general requirements for formatting theses are now presented in Appendix 1. The guide continues to be based on the capabilities of the MS Word word processing program. A new topic discussed in the guide is the use of artificial intelligence for generating ideas and examples, but it is emphasised that this does not replace the author's analysis or synthesis in the thesis. The guide has been prepared using the thesis template and also serves as an example of correct formatting. Unless otherwise stated, these requirements should also be followed for other types of written student work, such as course papers, reports, essays, projects, research papers, reports, and business plans. The requirements for selecting a thesis topic, supervision, reviewing, defence, and publication are outlined in the university council's regulation "Requirements and Procedure for the Awarding of Bachelor’s and Master’s Degree". A thesis is an independent academic research work that includes both theoretical and empirical components. Its purpose is to apply, reinforce, and generalise the specialised knowledge and skills acquired during higher education studies, as well as to gain experience in conducting a scientific investigation in the field. Authors: Ina Järve, Mart Külvik, Diana Laarmann, Karin Naruskov, Märt Reinvee, Ülle Roosmaa, Liina Talgre. Design and layout: Märt Reinvee. Content and language editing (Estonian): Helika Mäekivi. Translation: Laura Erik.
Impact of weather conditions and farming systems on size distribution of starch granules and flour yield of winter wheat
(MDPI, 2020) Keres, Indrek; Alaru, Maarika; Talgre, Liina; Luik, Anne; Eremeev, Viacheslav; Sats, Andres; Jõudu, Ivi; Riisalu, Anu; Loit, Evelin; Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. Estonian University of Life Sciences; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences. Estonian University of Life Sciences; ERA Chair for Food (By-) Products Valorisation Technologies of Estonian University of Life Sciences. Estonian University of Life Sciences
The size distribution of wheat-grain starch granules has an impact on the yield of fine flour. The aim of the study was to compare the impact of conventional (mineral fertilizers, pesticides) and organic farming treatments (cover crops, composted cattle manure) on (i) the size distribution of starch granules, (ii) the level of the first break whole and fine flour yield. The grain samples of winter wheat cv Fredis were taken from a long-term field crop rotation experiment established in 2008 at the Estonian University of Life Sciences in Tartu County (58 220 N, 26 400 E) on Stagnic Luvisol soil. The weather conditions during the grain filling period of winter wheat had a strong impact (p < 0.001) on the grain starch granule size distribution. The proportion of starch granules with a smaller diameter (C-type granules) was higher in years with a longer grain filling period. The size distribution of starch granules was not influenced by farming system. The increased proportion of C-type granules increased the fine flour yield significantly. Fertilisation with organic manure and twice with mineral nitrogen increased significantly the mean diameter value of different starch granules.
Rohtsete energiakultuuride uuringud
(Eesti Maaülikool, 2007) Noormets, Merrit; Raave, Henn; Viiralt, Rein; Kuusemets, Valdo; Alaru, Maarika; Kuht, Jaan; Talgre, Liina; Makke, Arvo; Eesti Maaülikool. Põllumajandus- ja keskkonnainstituut
Senised uurimistööd nii Euroopas kui USA-s on olnud suunatud potentsiaalsete energia tootmiseks sobilike heintaimede väljaselgitamisele. Valiku tegemisel on lähtutud eelkõige liikide produktiivsusest. Uurimistööde tulemusena on USA-s valitud välja 35 ja Euroopas 20 liiki , mis võiksid energiaheina tootmisel omada potentsiaali. Valitud liikide hulgast otsustati pöörata edaspidises uurimistöös rohkem tähelepanu vitshirsile (Panicum virgatum), päideroole (Phalaris arundenacea), harilikule hiidroole (Arundo donax) ja siidpöörisele (Miscanthus spp.)(Lewandowski et. al. 2003). Neist neljast, võiksid Eesti klimaatilistesse tingimustesse sobida, tänu nende C3 fotosünteesi rajale, päideroog ja harilik hiidroog. Viimati nimetatud liik on seni Eestis vähetuntud ja selle kasvatamise kohta siin puuduvad andmed. Päideroogu on Eestis seni uuritud peamiselt sööda tootmise eesmärgil.
Taimekasvatus : õpik kõrgkoolidele
(Eesti Maaülikool, 2021) Alaru, Maarika; Annuk, Tiiu; Bender, Ingrid; Keres, Indrek; Korge, Mailiis; Lauringson, Enn; Lillak, Rein; Loit, Evelin; Mäeorg, Erkki; Narits, Lea; Talgre, Liina; Loit, Evelin (koostaja); Keres, Indrek (koostaja)
Taimed moodustavad esmase toodangu põllumajanduses. Taimekasvatussaadusi kasutatakse nii inimtoiduks, söödana põllumajandusloomadele kui ka toorainena paljudele teistele tööstusharudele. Lisaks eelnevale rikastavad taimed elukeskkonda hapnikuga, moodustades asendamatu lüli bioloogilises ringes. Tänapäeva olukorras, kus inimkond suureneb iga päevaga ning väärtusliku põllumajandusmaa hulk väheneb, muutub surve taimekasvatusele, kui toidu tootjale. Lisaks toob pidevalt muutuv kliima kaasa vajaduse kohaneda järjest suuremaks. Lisaks muutub kliima iga aastaga, mis toob kaasa vajaduse kohaneda. Seetõttu moodustab taimekasvatus suure osa toiduga kindlustatusest ning õiged otsused kasvatavate kultuuride ja rakendatavate tehnoloogiate valikus, on erinevate riskide vähendamise juures olulised. Taimekasvatus on juba praegu ja veel enam tulevikus osa ringbiomajandusest, mis tähendab, et tootmine peab olema kestlik ning saagi väärindama maksimaalne. Me oleme pannud kokku kaasaegse taimekasvatuse õpiku, mida saab kasutada kõrgkoolis teraviljade, õlikultuuride ning liblikõieliste kultuuride õpetamisel. Viimane üldine taimekasvatusalane õpik Eestis anti välja 1986. aastal („Taimekasvatus“, autorid: J. Heinsoo, E. Jaama, J. Jõudu, E. Reimets, K. Viilberg). Viimase 20 aasta jooksul on põhitõed taimekasvatuses jäänud küll samaks, kuid on toimunud palju muutusi kasvatavates kultuurides ja kasvatustehnoloogiates. Kartulit on põhjalikult käsitletud Juhan Jõudu koostatud ’Kartulikasvatuse“ raamatus, mis ilmus aastal 2002. Rohumaa kultuuride kohta saab õppida Dr. Ants Benderi koostatud raamatust „Eritüübiliste rohumaade rajamine ja kasutamine“, mis ilmus 2006. aastal. Käesolev õpik annab põhiteadmised emakeeles, sellele lisaks saab kasutada võõrkeelset kirjandust. Taimekasvatust õpetatakse Eesti Maaülikoolis mitmel õppekaval: põllumajandussaaduste tootmine ja turustamine, aiandus, loodusvarade kasutamine ja kaitse, loodusturism ja maamajanduslik ettevõtlus ja finantsjuhtimine. Seetõttu leiab uus õpik laialdast kasutust. Lisaks saavad õpikut kasutada Olustvere Teenindus-ja Maamajanduskoolis õppijad. Ka kogenud põllumajandustootjad noored agronoomid ja teised taimekasvatushuvilised saavad värskendada enda teadmisi. Käesolev õpik on oluline lisandus Mullateaduse kõrgkooliõpikule. Autorite kollektiivi on koondatud õppejõud ja teadlased, kes on sellel alal parimad asjatundjad Eestis. Suur tänu kõigile autoritele ja nõuandjatele! Põllumees saab igal aasta uue võimaluse. Enamus Eesti põllumajanduskultuure on üheaastased, ehk igal aastal külvatakse uus seeme. Igal sügisel saab pärast saagikoristust teha õppetundidest ja kogemustest uued järeldused. Nii näeme ka meie seda õpikut elava süsteemina. Mitte just igal aastal, aga teatud perioodi tagant, näeme me õpikut uuenemas.
Ühise põllumajanduspoliitika strateegiakava 2023‒2027 eelhindamine : lõpparuanne
(Eesti Maaülikool, 2021) Aro, Kersti; Viira, Ants-Hannes; Loit, Evelin; Leming, Ragnar; Visnapuu, Katriin; Talgre, Liina; Kaasik, Allan; Ariva, Jelena; Lillemets, Jüri; Elias, Terje; Majandus- ja sotsiaalinstituut
Maaeluministeeriumi (edaspidi MeM) juhtimisel koostatakse Euroopa Liidu (edaspidi EL) ühise põllumajanduspoliitika strateegiakava aastateks 2023–2027 (edaspidi ÜPP strateegiakava). ÜPP strateegiakava koondab senised esimese samba (otsetoetused ja varasemad programmiti rakendatud turukorraldusmeetmed, nagu mesindusprogramm Euroopa Põllumajanduse Tagatisfondist, edaspidi EAGF) ja teise samba tegevused (nagu maaelu arengu investeeringu- ja arengutoetused Euroopa Maaelu Arengu Põllumajandusfondist, edaspidi EAFRD). Koostatava ÜPP strateegiakava aluseks on Euroopa Parlamendi ja nõukogu määrus3 (edaspidi ÜPP strateegiakava määrus). Määruses toodud peamised ÜPP eesmärgid on keskkonna- ja kliimameetmete asjus varasemast ambitsioonikamad, suunavad toetusi paremini ning tuginevad kindlamalt uuringute, innovatsiooni ja nõustamise vahelistele seostele. ÜPP tulemuslikkuse parandamiseks on ette nähtud uus ÜPP rakendamise mudel, et nihutada poliitika kese nõuetele vastavuse jälgimisest tulemuslikkuse jälgimisele ning suurema subsidiaarsuse abil tasakaalustada ELi ja liikmesriikide tasandite vahelist vastutust. Uue mudeli abil soovitakse edukamalt saavutada ELi eesmärgid, mis põhinevad strateegilisel kavandamisel, laialdastel poliitilistel sekkumistel ning ühtsetel tulemusnäitajatel, parandades seeläbi poliitikavaldkondade sidusust kogu tulevase ÜPP ulatuses ning ELi teiste eesmärkidega. Uuendatud ÜPP üldeesmärgid perioodil 2023‒2027 on järgmised. ● Tõhustada arukat, vastupidavat ja mitmekesist põllumajandussektorit, mis tagab toiduga kindlustatuse. ● Edendada keskkonnahoidu ja kliimameetmeid ning panustada liidu keskkonna- ja kliimaeesmärkidesse. ● Parandada maapiirkondade sotsiaal-majanduslikku olukorda. Üldeesmärkide saavutamiseks on püstitatud üheksa erieesmärki. ● Erieesmärk 1: toetada põllumajandustootja elujõulisust tagavat sissetulekut ja vastupanuvõimet kogu liidus, et tagada toiduga kindlustatus. ● Erieesmärk 2: suurendada konkurentsivõimet ja turule orienteeritust, pöörates erilist tähelepanu teadusuuringutele, tehnoloogiale ja digiüleminekule. ● Erieesmärk 3: parandada põllumajandustootjate positsiooni väärtusahelas. ● Erieesmärk 4: panustada kliimamuutuste leevendamisse ja nendega kohanemisse ning säästvasse energiasse. ● Erieesmärk 5: edendada säästvat arengut ja selliste loodusvarade tõhusat majandamist nagu vesi, muld ja õhk. 18 ● Erieesmärk 6: panustada elurikkuse kaitsesse, edendada ökosüsteemi teenuseid ning säilitada elupaiku ja maastikke. ● Erieesmärk 7: olla atraktiivne noorte põllumajandustootjate jaoks ja soodustada ettevõtluse arengut maapiirkondades. ● Erieesmärk 8: edendada tööhõivet, majanduskasvu, sotsiaalset kaasatust ja maapiirkondade arengut, sh biomajandust ja säästvat metsamajandust. ● Erieesmärk 9: parandada ELi põllumajanduse reageerimist ühiskonna nõudlusele toidu ja tervise vallas (hõlmab nii ohutut, toitvat ja säästvalt toodetud toitu, toidu raiskamise vähendamist kui ka loomade heaolu tagamist). Neile erieesmärkidele lisandub horisontaalse eesmärgina põllumajanduse ja maapiirkondade elu kaasajastamine, edendades ja jagades teadmisi, toetades innovatsiooni ja digiüleminekut ning ergutades nende kasutuselevõttu. Erieesmärke täites peavad liikmesriigid tagama ÜPP toetuste lihtsuse ja tulemuslikkuse. Erieesmärgid saavutab liikmesriik oma valitud sekkumiste kaudu. Peale ÜPP prioriteetide on ÜPP strateegiakava koostamise aluseks MeMi eestvedamisel valminud Põllumajanduse ja kalanduse valdkonna arengukava aastani 2030 (edaspidi PõKa 2030). PõKa 2030 eesmärk on aidata kaasa Eesti põllumajanduse, kalanduse, vesiviljeluse ja toidutööstuse arengule ning konkurentsivõime kasvule, toidujulgeolekule, maa- ja rannapiirkondade tasakaalustatud arengule, samuti taimede ja loomade heale tervisele, muldade seisundi paranemisele, toiduohutusele ning puhta keskkonna ja liigilise mitmekesisuse säilimisele. Metsandust puudutavas osas on ÜPP strateegiakava koostamise aluseks Keskkonnaministeeriumi eestvedamisel koostatav Eesti metsanduse arengukava aastani 2030 (edaspidi MAK2030) eelnõu. Peale eespool nimetatud strateegiliste dokumentide on ÜPP strateegiakaval seos EL-üleste strateegiatega ning Eesti muude asjakohaste strateegiatega, valdkondlike arengukavade ja programmidega, millega eelhindamisel arvestati. ÜPP strateegiakava koostamisse kaasati riigiasutuste ja valdkondlike huvigruppide esindajad 15 eri töörühma vormis, eesmärgiga luua selline strateegiline dokument, mis aitaks edendada põllumajandus- ja toidutootmise ning maapiirkondade kestlikku arengut. Lisaks töögruppidele moodustati 2019. a juunis Eesti ÜPP strateegiakava 2021–2027 ettevalmistav juhtkomisjon (edaspidi ÜPP juhtkomisjon), kelle ülesanne on kujundada Eesti seisukohad ÜPP maaelu arengu toetuste andmist korraldavate õigusaktide kohta ning koordineerida ÜPP strateegiakava koostamist, teha ettepanekuid ja kujundada seisukoht ÜPP strateegiakava kohta enne kava esitamist Vabariigi Valitsusele. Rööbiti ÜPP strateegiakava koostamisega viidi läbi ÜPP strateegiakava EAFRD vahenditest planeeritava rahastamisvahendi eelhindamine turutõrgete väljaselgitamiseks (uuring valmis aprillis 2020) ning käimas on ÜPP strateegiakava keskkonnamõju strateegiline hindamine (edaspidi KSH, millega alustati oktoobris 2019), mis võimaldavad ÜPP strateegiakava koostades arvesse võtta hindamisel leitut.
Umbrohtude biomassi, arvukuse ja mitmekesisuse muutused pikaajalise külvikorra katse teises rotatsioonis
(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2023) Madsen, Helena; Luik, Anne; Eremeev, Viacheslav; Mäeorg, Erkki; Talgre, Liina; Eesti Maaülikool. Põllumajandus- ja keskkonnainstituut
The effects of long term (established in 2008) five-field crop rotation (barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with undersown red clover (Trifoium pratense L.), red clover, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)) on the biomass, abundance and diversity (Shannon-Wiener index) of weeds in three organic (Org) and two conventional (Conv) systems after the second rotation were investigated. The results include data from the second rotation in 2013 – 2017. The control system (Org 0) followed only the crop rotation. In the organic systems Org I and Org II winter cover crops were used. In Org II system composted cattle manure was also applied. The conventional cropping systems were treated with herbicides and fungicides and system Conv 0 acted as control (no fertilizer use). Mineral fertilizer was used in Conv II. In general, the significant differences were evident between conventional and organic cropping systems. There were also some differences depending on the crop. The weed biomass was the lowest in barley and potato plots, with significantly higher values in organic than in conventional systems. In clover plots the highest biomass of weeds occurred in Conv II whilst the lowest in Org I. In winter wheat plots the biomass of weeds was significantly lower in conventional systems than in any of the organic systems. Pea plots had the highest biomass, abundance and diversity of weeds in all systems within all rotational crops. Slight tendencies showed the decrease of weed abundance and diversity at the end of the rotation in systems with cover crops (Org I and Org II). This could be explained by better growing conditions due to higher microbial activity and organic carbon content in the soil of organic systems.
Väetamise ABC
(Põllumajandusuuringute Keskus, 2014) Kanger, Jaan; Kevvai, Toomas; Kevvai, Leonhard; Kärblane, Heino; Astover, Alar; Ilumäe, Ene; Lauringson, Enn; Loide, Valli; Penu, Priit; Rooma, Livi; Sepp, Karli; Talgre, Liina; Tamm, Uno
Käesolev vihik on oluliselt täiendatud trükk 1998-nda aasta väljaandest. Põhjalikumalt on lahti kirjutatud, haljasväetisi, külvikordi ja viljavaheldust, sõnniku kasutamist ning väetamise majanduslikku tasuvust käsitlevad peatükid. Väetamissoovitused ja normide täpsustused on esitatud tabelitena, millele lisatud lühikesed selgitavad tekstid. Vihiku lõpus on näidis, milline võiks olla põllumehe väetiste kasutamise plaan ja juhendid selle täitmiseks käesolevas vihikus toodud materjalide põhjal. Et looduses ei ole kahte ühesugust põldu, siis on loomulik, et siin toodud nõuanded ei suuda arvestada kõiki põldude eripärasid, kuid asjast huvitunud põllumees võib selle vihiku soovituste abil väetada oma põlde kartmata oluliselt eksida. Loomulikult on siin toodud väetamise soovitustes ainult väike osa teadmistest, mida aastakümnete jooksul on sel alal kogutud ja otstarbekas on hankida lisateavet vastava ala spetsialistidelt või seda ala käsitlevast kirjandusest. Kuna mitme tabeli sisu on omavahel seotud, tuleks tutvuda kogu vihiku materjaliga. Autorid tänavad kõiki, kes vihiku koostamisele ja väljaandmisele kaasa aitasid.
Vahekultuuride biomassi moodustamise ja lämmastiku sidumise võime ning mõju suviodra saagile
(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2023) Toom, Merili; Talgre, Liina; Tamm, Sirje; Tamm, Ülle; Tamm, Ilmar; Narits, Lea; Talve, Tiina; Edesi, Liina; Lauringson, Enn; Eesti Maaülikool. Põllumajandus- ja keskkonnainstituut. Mullateaduse õppetool
Cover crops play an important role in preventing nutrient loss, reducing agricultural inputs, improving soil quality and environmental sustainability. The objectives of the study were to determine the biomass and nitrogen accumulation of cover crops and their effect on the following spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Field trials with cover crop species winter rye (Secale cereale L), winter turnip rape (Brassica rapa spp. oleifera L.), forage radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. longipinnatus), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), and berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) were carried out during four growing seasons (2016/17, 2017/18, 2018/19, and 2019/20) at the Estonian Crop Research Institute (present: The Centre of Estonian Rural Research and Knowledge, METK). Cover crop biomass and N accumulation in autumn and in spring depended on species and growing conditions. The biomass and nitrogen (N) accumulation were at their lowest in the first growing season (2016/17) due to lowest level of effective temperatures. Forage radish accumulated the highest amount of biomass and N in autumn. Berseem clover accumulated lowest amount of biomass and N in the year with drought conditions (2018) before sowing. Among overwintered cover crops, hairy vetch accumulated the highest amount of N in the spring although its biomass was similar to winter turnip rape. Winter rye had the lowest biomass and N accumulation in spring. As an average over the four years, only forage radish and hairy vetch significantly increased the yield of subsequent barley. None of the cover crops had a negative effect on barley, as the yield level following other species was similar to the control without cover crop. The knowledge about cover crop selection is useful to integrate suitable species into Estonian cropping systems.

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