Sirvi Autor "Sharma, Minaxi" järgi
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Kirje Bio-Based Formulations for Sustainable Applications in Agri-Food-Pharma(MDPI, 2021) Sharma, Minaxi; Bhat, Rajeev; Usmani, Zeba; McClements, David Julian; Shukla, Pratyoosh; Raghavendra, Vinay B.; Gupta, Vijai Kumar; Food (By-) Products Valorisation Technologies (VALORTECH) ERA Chair. Estonian University of Life SciencesCurrently, there is a strong enduring interest towards obtaining high-value, sustainable bio-based bioactive compounds from natural resources, as there is great demand for these compounds in various market sectors such as agriculture, food, pharma, cosmeceuticals, and others. This demand has encouraged researchers to isolate, identify and characterize novel natural bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic and commercial values with industrial importance [1]. These bioactive compounds are generally secondary metabolites (synthesized via plant biosynthetic pathways) and include polyphenols, carotenoids, flavonoids, sterols, dietary fiber, essential vitamins, coenzyme Q, phytosterols, glucosinolates and others with potential beneficial roles as nutraceuticals, surfactants and bio-stimulants. Understanding the molecular characteristics, physicochemical properties, biological activity, and stability of these bioactives under different conditions is vital for their commercial exploitation. The efficacy of these bioactives can often be improved by encapsulating them in nanobased-formulations designed for application in the agriculture, food, pharmaceutical industries. These delivery systems can be designed to increase the dispersibility, stability, bioavailability, and bioactivity imparted by the bioactives. Moreover, they may be useful for minimizing undesirable side-effects, facilitating targeted delivery to certain cells, and enhancing the shelf life of food products. The bioactive molecules are partly or wholly derived from resources of biological origin mainly those of plants, animal and microbial resources (e.g., biomass/feed stock from agri-food sector, food wastes and by-products, algae, marine organisms, etc.). These molecules have recently emerged on the global market as a highly reliable environmentally friendly alternative to chemically synthesized compounds. The natural bioactive compounds provide additional benefits to health and overall wellbeing beyond basic nutrition. For instance, bioactive compounds have been well established for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-hypertensive and other biological activities under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The isolation, purification and safety efficacy of these compounds obtained from natural resources is a vital criterion that needs to be considered.Kirje Engineered Microbes for Pigment Production Using Waste Biomass(Bentham Science Publishers, 2020) Usmani, Zeba; Sharma, Minaxi; Sudheer, Surya; Gupta, Vijai K.; Bhat, Rajeev; ERA Chair for Food (By-) Products Valorization Technologies-VALORTECH. Estonian University of Life SciencesAgri-food waste biomass is the most abundant organic waste and has high valorisation potential for sustainable bioproducts development. These wastes are not only recyclable in nature but are also rich sources of bioactive carbohydrates, peptides, pigments, polyphenols, vitamins, natural antioxidants, etc. Bioconversion of agri-food waste to value-added products is very important towards zero waste and circular economy concepts. To reduce the environmental burden, food researchers are seeking strategies to utilize this waste for microbial pigments production and further biotechnological exploitation in functional foods or value-added products. Microbes are valuable sources for a range of bioactive molecules, including microbial pigments production through fermentation and/or utilisation of waste. Here, we have reviewed some of the recent advancements made in important bioengineering technologies to develop engineered microbial systems for enhanced pigments production using agrifood wastes biomass/by-products as substrates in a sustainable way.Kirje Extraction of carotenoids from pumpkin peel and pulp: Comparison between innovative green extraction technologies (ultrasonic and microwave-assisted extractions using corn oil)(MDPI, 2021) Sharma, Minaxi; Bhat, Rajeev; ERA-Chair for Food (By-) Products Valorisation Technologies (VALORTECH). Estonian University of Life SciencesNatural pigments improve aesthetic value as well as antioxidant potential of a food product. This study was designed to determine the effects of green extraction techniques on carotenoids, polyphenols and antioxidant activities of pulp and peel of two varieties of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima). Innovative green extractions (IGE; Ultrasound and Microwave-Assisted Extractions) synergised with corn oil (used as green solvent) were compared with conventional extraction (CE; hexane/isopropyl alcohol; 60:40, v/v). Results showed total carotenoids to be almost double on employing IGE (PM2-UAE-peel = 38.03 ± 4.21; PM4-UAE-peel = 33.78 ± 1.76 µg/g) when compared to conventional extraction (PM2-CE-peel = 19.21 ± 4.39; PM4-CE-peel = 16.21 ± 2.52 µg/g). Polyphenolic contents ranged between 510.69 ± 5.50 and 588.68 ± 7.26 mg GAE/100 g of extract in IGE, compared with conventional extracts (269.50 ± 2.17 to 318.46 ± 6.60 mg GAE/100 g) and percent inhibition of 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) ranging between 88.32 ± 1.51 and 93.53 ± 0.30% in IGE when compared with conventional extraction (50.61 ± 1.44 to 57.79 ± 2.09%). Further, oxidative stability of carotenoids extracts from IGE (protection factor = 1.59 ± 0.01 to 1.81 ± 0.05) were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) than conventional extracts. Based on results, this study supports the use of innovative green extraction techniques to obtain bioactive pigments like carotenoids. It is anticipated that results generated will find potential applications in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industriesKirje Extraction of carotenoids from pumpkin peel and pulp: Comparison between innovative green extraction technologies (ultrasonic and microwave-assisted extractions using corn oil) : [data](EMU DSpace, 2021) Sharma, Minaxi; Bhat, Rajeev; ERA-Chair for Food (By-) Products Valorisation Technologies (VALORTECH). Estonian University of Life SciencesNatural pigments improve aesthetic value as well as antioxidant potential of a food product. This study was designed to determine the effects of green extraction techniques on carotenoids, polyphenols and antioxidant activities of pulp and peel of two varieties of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima). Innovative green extractions (IGE; Ultrasound and Microwave-Assisted Extractions) synergised with corn oil (used as green solvent) were compared with conventional extraction (CE; hexane/isopropyl alcohol; 60:40, v/v). Results showed total carotenoids to be almost double on employing IGE (PM2-UAE-peel = 38.03 ± 4.21; PM4-UAE-peel = 33.78 ± 1.76 µg/g) when compared to conventional extraction (PM2-CE-peel = 19.21 ± 4.39; PM4-CE-peel = 16.21 ± 2.52 µg/g). Polyphenolic contents ranged between 510.69 ± 5.50 and 588.68 ± 7.26 mg GAE/100 g of extract in IGE, compared with conventional extracts (269.50 ± 2.17 to 318.46 ± 6.60 mg GAE/100 g) and percent inhibition of 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) ranging between 88.32 ± 1.51 and 93.53 ± 0.30% in IGE when compared with conventional extraction (50.61 ± 1.44 to 57.79 ± 2.09%). Further, oxidative stability of carotenoids extracts from IGE (protection factor = 1.59 ± 0.01 to 1.81 ± 0.05) were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) than conventional extracts. Based on results, this study supports the use of innovative green extraction techniques to obtain bioactive pigments like carotenoids. It is anticipated that results generated will find potential applications in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.Kirje Natural pigments (anthocyanins and chlorophyll) and antioxidants profiling of European red and green gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa L.) extracted using green techniques (UAE-citric acid-mediated extraction)(Elsevier, 2023) Hussain, Shehzad; Sharma, Minaxi; Jarg, Tatsiana; Aav, Riina; Bhat, RajeevGreen techniques to extract natural pigments are gaining prominence among consumers and food industries. This trend is predominantly due to the harmful effects imparted by commonly used synthetic dyes and the unwarranted stress created on our ecosystem. The objectives of this study were to obtain natural pigments (anthocyanins and chlorophyll) from Estonian-gown European green and red gooseberries by ultrasonic-assisted citric acid-mediated extraction method and perform antioxidant profiling (quantification via HPLC analysis). Green gooseberry extracts showed lower content of targeted compounds, with low concentrations of rutin (0.7–1.2 mg/ L) and quercetin 3-glucoside (0.9–1.3 mg/L), while in the red gooseberry extracts, the amount was slightly higher (1.4–6.9 and 1.0–1.3 mg/L, respectively) with 0.6–6.8 mg/L cyanidin 3-glucoside and 0.32–0.35 mg/L peonidin 3 glucoside recorded. Further, the yield of anthocyanins ranged between 1.14–1.79 and 1.86–3.63 mg/100 g in green and red gooseberries, respectively. Total phenols ranged between 162–392 and 263–987 mg GAE/100 g in green and red gooseberry extracts, respectively. The DPPH free radicals scavenging activity showed 73–86% and 87–91% inhibition in both green and red gooseberry, respectively. Results showed significant improvements in pigment extraction with higher values obtained for targeted antioxidant compounds using conventional and UAE extraction (aqueous extract), thus confirming that green extractions are a reliable technique to obtain pigments of interest from natural sources. The results support consumers’ demand and open up the avenue to explore pigments as natural colourants in food and cosmetics applications.Kirje Natural pigments (anthocyanins and chlorophyll) and antioxidants profiling of European red and green gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa L.) extracted using green techniques (UAE-citric acid-mediated extraction) : [data](Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2023) Hussain, Shehzad; Sharma, Minaxi; Jarg, Tatsiana; Aav, Riina; Bhat, RajeevGreen techniques to extract natural pigments are gaining prominence among consumers and food industries. This trend is predominantly due to the harmful effects imparted by commonly used synthetic dyes and the unwarranted stress created on our ecosystem. The objectives of this study were to obtain natural pigments (anthocyanins and chlorophyll) from Estonian-gown European green and red gooseberries by ultrasonic-assisted citric acid-mediated extraction method and perform antioxidant profiling (quantification via HPLC analysis). Green gooseberry extracts showed lower content of targeted compounds, with low concentrations of rutin (0.7–1.2 mg/ L) and quercetin 3-glucoside (0.9–1.3 mg/L), while in the red gooseberry extracts, the amount was slightly higher (1.4–6.9 and 1.0–1.3 mg/L, respectively) with 0.6–6.8 mg/L cyanidin 3-glucoside and 0.32–0.35 mg/L peonidin 3 glucoside recorded. Further, the yield of anthocyanins ranged between 1.14–1.79 and 1.86–3.63 mg/100 g in green and red gooseberries, respectively. Total phenols ranged between 162–392 and 263–987 mg GAE/100 g in green and red gooseberry extracts, respectively. The DPPH free radicals scavenging activity showed 73–86% and 87–91% inhibition in both green and red gooseberry, respectively. Results showed significant improvements in pigment extraction with higher values obtained for targeted antioxidant compounds using conventional and UAE extraction (aqueous extract), thus confirming that green extractions are a reliable technique to obtain pigments of interest from natural sources. The results support consumers’ demand and open up the avenue to explore pigments as natural colourants in food and cosmetics applications.Kirje Valorisation of Sea Buckthorn Pomace by Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Soluble Dietary Fibre Using Response Surface Methodology(MDPI, 2021) Hussain, Shehzad; Sharma, Minaxi; Bhat, RajeevSea buckthorn pomace is a valuable industrial waste/by-product obtained after juice production that contains bioactive, health-promoting dietary fibres. This pomace finds usage as animal feed or simply discarded, owed to the lack of appropriate handling or processing facilities. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of green extraction technologies such as ultrasonic- assisted extraction on the yield of soluble dietary fibre (SDF) from sea buckthorn pomace. Response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box–Behnken design (BBD) was applied for optimization of SDF yield. The effects of sonication temperature (60–80 ◦C), sonication power (100–130 W) and extraction time (30–60 min) on the yield of SDF were also investigated. Furthermore, colour measure- ment and hydration properties of sea buckthorn pomace powder (STP) and dietary fibre fractions (SDF and insoluble dietary fibre, IDF) were also investigated. From the RSM results, the optimal sonication temperature (67.83 ◦C), sonication power (105.52 W) and extraction time (51.18 min) were identified. Based on this, the modified optimum conditions were standardised (sonication tempera- ture of 70 ◦C, sonication power of 105 W and extraction time of 50 min). Accordingly, the yield of SDF obtained was 16.08 ± 0.18%, which was close to the predicted value (15.66%). Sonication temperature showed significant effects at p ≤ 0.01, while sonication power and extraction time showed significant effects at p ≤ 0.05 on the yield of SDF. The result on colour attributes of STP, SDF and IDF differed (L* (STP: 54.71 ± 0.72, IDF: 72.64 ± 0.21 and SDF: 54.53 ± 0.31), a* (STP: 52.35 ± 1.04, IDF: 32.85 ± 0.79 and SDF: 43.54 ± 0.03), b* (STP: 79.28 ± 0.62, IDF: 82.47 ± 0.19 and SDF: 71.33 ± 0.50), and ∆E* (STP: 79.93 ± 0.50, IDF: 74.18 ± 0.30 and SDF: 68.40 ± 0.39)). Higher values of hydration properties such as the water holding, swelling and oil holding capacities were found in SDF (7.25 ± 0.10 g g−1, 7.24 ± 0.05 mL g−1 and 1.49 ± 0.02 g g−1), followed by IDF (6.30 ± 0.02, 5.75 ± 0.07 and 1.25 ± 0.03) and STP (4.17 ± 0.04, 3.48 ± 0.06 and 0.89 ± 0.03), respectively. Based on our results, response surface methodology is recommended to be adopted to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction to obtain maximum yield of SDF from sea buckthorn pomace. These results can be of practical usage while designing future functional food formulations using sea buckthorn pomace.Kirje Valorisation of sea buckthorn pomace by optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of soluble dietary fibre using response surface methodology : [data](EMU DSpace, 2021) Hussain, Shehzad; Sharma, Minaxi; Bhat, Rajeev; ERA-Chair for Food (By-) Product Valorisation Technologies (VALORTECH). Estonian University of Life ScienceFruits and vegetable wastes/by-products of the dependent processing industries are considered to be a potential source of bioactive compounds. This fruit and vegetable waste is regarded as an underutilised resource and can be efficiently valorised to obtain value-added products. Sea buckthorn pomace is a valuable industrial waste/by-product obtained after juice production that contains bioactive, health promoting dietary fibres. After processing of the sea buckthorn berries (to obtain juice, jam and jellies), huge amounts of processing pomace is produced. Although, this pomace finds usage as animal feed or is simply discarded, owed to the lack of appropriate handling or processing facilities. As a result, significant amounts of nutrients are untapped and lost annually. The development of extraction techniques have validated the valorisation of pomace from fruits like sea buckthorn. Hence, the present study was designed to evaluate the effects of green extraction technologies such as ultrasonic-assisted extraction on the yield of soluble dietary fibre from sea buckthorn pomace. Response surface methodology coupled with Box–Behnken design was applied for optimization of SDF yield. Sonication temperature, sonication time and extraction power significantly increased the yield of soluble dietary fiber.Kirje Valorization of fruits and vegetable wastes and by-products to produce natural pigments(Taylor & Francis, 2021) Sharma, Minaxi; Usmani, Zeba; Gupta, Vijai; Bhat, Rajeev; ERA-Chair for Food (By-) Products Valorisation Technologies (VALORTECH). Estonian University of Life SciencesSynthetic pigments from petrochemicals have been extensively used in a wide range of food products. However, these pigments have adverse effects on human health that has rendered it obligatory to the scientific community in order to explore for much safer, natural, and eco-friendly pigments. In this regard, exploiting the potential of agri-food wastes presumes importance, extracted mainly by employing green processing and extraction technologies. Of late, pigments market size is growing rapidly owing to their extensive uses. Hence, there is a need for sustainable production of pigments from renewable bioresources. Valorization of vegetal wastes (fruits and vegetables) and their by-products (e.g. peels, seeds or pomace) can meet the demands of natural pigment production at the industrial levels for potential food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmeceuticals applications. These wastes/by-products are a rich source of natural pigments such as: anthocyanins, betalains, carotenoids, and chlorophylls. It is envisaged that these natural pigments can contribute significantly to the development of functional foods as well as impart rich biotherapeutic potential. With a sustainability approach, we have critically reviewed vital research information and developments made on natural pigments from vegetal wastes, greener extraction and processing technologies, encapsulation techniques and potential bioactivities. Designed with an eco-friendly approach, it is expected that this review will benefit not only the concerned industries but also be of use to health-conscious consumers.