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Kirje Agronomic and bromatological characteristics of Cassava cultivars(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2025) Silveira, R.B.; Pires, A.J.V.; Dutra, I.C.; Nogueira, M.S.; Andrade, W.R.; Jesus, M.R.; Oliveira, G.R.S.; Oliveira, E.J.; Silva, N.V.; Santos, B.E.F.; Sousa, M.P.; Públio, P.P.P.The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of the aerial part of cassava, analyzing its development and nutritional value, in addition to the production of biomass at different times and with different management. A randomized complete block design was used, with six cassava varieties (BRS Formosa, BRS Mulatinha, Eucalyptus, BRS White Pot, BRS Kiriris and BRS New Horizon) and five replicates, harvested six and twelve months after planting, with and without pruning. To evaluate the amount of biomass produced by the aerial part of cassava and the production of roots, a 6×2 factorial scheme in randomized complete blocks design was conducted. Six cassava varieties were tested, each with five replicates. The plants were harvested at two different times: with pruning (harvesting at six and twelve months after planting) and without pruning (single harvest at twelve months). There was an effect for the characteristics plant height, stem diameter, number of stems, number of leaves, lobe length, lobe width and petiole length, however when they were evaluated at twelve months, there was no effect, only for the characteristics lobe length and petiole length. It was found that there was an effect for dry matter, ether extract, hemicellulose and ADF. The BRS White Pot variety presented a higher concentration of non-fibrous carbohydrates. Differences were observed for neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein and lignin. For the values of total digestible nutrients, the cultivars BRS White Pot, BRS New Horizon and BRS Formosa stood out in relation to the others. There was a difference in the protein fractionation of the different cassava cultivars for total nitrogen fraction, fraction A and fraction C when they were harvested six months after planting. However, when they were evaluated at twelve months, there was only an effect for fraction C. There was an effect for CT, fraction A+B1, fraction B2 and fraction C when they were evaluated six months after planting. However, when they were evaluated twelve months after planting there was no difference for total carbohydrates and fraction B2. The interaction was not significant between the different cultivars and pruning management for the production of green matter, dry matter, crude protein, total digestible nutrients of the aerial part and green matter and dry matter of the roots. In management without pruning, there was an increase in the variables PGMPA, PDMPA, PCPPA and PTDNPA. The cultivars BRS Mulatinha and BRS New Horizon are recommended as they present greater leaf retention and number of stems, providing greater biomass production when managed without pruning.Kirje Ammoniated sugarcane bagasse associated with cottonseed in sheep diets(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2025) Publio, P.P.P.; Pires, A.J.V.; Dutra, I.C.; Sousa, M.P.; Figueiredo, G.C.; Santos, H.O.; Oliveira, G.R.S.; Ferreira, E.P.L.; Santos, A.F.; Cardoso, P.H.S.; Teixeira, F.A; Albuquerque, M.L.P.The experiment was carried out in the goat farming sector and forage laboratory at UESB, with the objective of evaluating the association of ammoniated sugarcane bagasse with cottonseed in sheep diets. The experimental period was 21 days, with 17 days for animal adaptation and 4 days for data collection. The test was conducted in a double 4×4 Latin square, in a 2×2 factorial scheme, with the factors being ammoniated sugarcane bagasse at 30 or 50% and cottonseed at 0 or 20% inclusion, in the dry matter of the total diet. The digestibility test took place between the 18th and 21st days of each period. For this purpose, leftovers and feces from each animal were quantified and collected during this period. The interaction was not significant in any of the variables studied for sugarcane bagasse and cottonseed, nor was there any effect for the addition of cottonseed to the diets, for dry matter intake kg day-1, %PC and g per kg0.75. The nitrogen balance was positive, as the nitrogen ingested was greater than the nitrogen excreted in urine and feces, indicating that the animal retained protein, meeting its protein requirements. The inclusion of cottonseed resulted in lower digestibility averages. This reduction can be attributed to the lignin content present in the diets studied, since cottonseed has a higher lignin concentration than the other foods analyzed. The use of cottonseed and the increase in the inclusion level of sugarcane bagasse by 50% resulted in an increase in the time spent by animals in feeding, ruminating and chewing activities. Furthermore, a reduction in consumption and rumination efficiency was observed, which correlated with a decrease in dry matter intake. The level of 30% sugar cane bagasse associated with 20% cotton seed promoted greater consumption of dry matter.Kirje Effect of different fertilization protocols and cutting intensity on marandu grass(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2025) Ribeiro, A.S.; Pires, A.J.V.; Fries, D.D.; Santos, D.C.; Dutra, I.C.; Oliveira, G.R.S.; Sousa, M.P.; Públio, P.P.P.; Silva, H.S.; Santos, A.P.S.; Amorim, S.S.The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different cutting intensities, combined with different fertilizations, on the productive characteristics, carbohydrate concentration and photosynthetic pigments of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. It was carried out in a completely randomized design in which five fertilization treatments were evaluated: a control treatment without fertilizers and four fertilizer combinations (PK; NP; NK; NPK). The cutting intensities tested were 10 and 20 cm in height. There were four replicates per treatment. Plastic pots of 12 liters were used as experimental units, which were filled with 10 dm³ of soil with a clayey-sandy loam texture. Seeds of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, with 80% of cultural value, were used. There was a significant difference for fertilization with NP and NPK, which resulted in higher production of shoot dry mass (PMSPA), residue dry mass (PMSRE) and root dry mass (PMSRA)in addition to higher concentrations of total soluble sugars in the shoot, residue and root. At a cutting intensity of 20 cm, NK and NPK fertilizations provided the highest levels of chlorophyll a. On the other hand, when analysing chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll at an intensity of 10 cm, NK fertilization presented the highest levels. However, at an intensity of 20 cm, NPK fertilization presented the highest levels of chlorophyll b, carotenoids and total chlorophyll. Regarding starch content, the PK and NPK treatments presented lower values at an intensity of 10 cm, while, at an intensity of 20 cm, NK fertilization resulted in the lowest starch content. Given the results presented, it is concluded that the use of NP fertilization at an intensity of 20 cm is recommended because it provides better indices on photosynthetic pigments, productive characteristics and total soluble sugar contents of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu.Kirje Forage potential of six sugarcane cultivars for feeding ruminants(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2025) Santos, D.C.; Pires, A.J.V.; Ribeiro, A.S.; Andrade, W.R.; Nogueira, M.S.; Dutra, I.C.; Oliveira, G.R.S.; Sousa, M.P.; Santos, W.B.S.; Paixão, T.R.; Silva, H.S.; Amorim, S.S.The study evaluated the productive, morphometric, and bromatological characteristics of six sugarcane cultivars (Regional, RB 865536, RB 867515, CTC2, CTC9001, and CTC9004M). The experiment began at UESB and continued at Fazenda Bela Vista, with evaluations conducted 3 to 18 months after planting. A randomized complete block design was used, with six cultivars per cultivar and four replicates. The cultivar CTC2 presented higher levels of lignin and indigestible neutral detergent fiber, while RB 865536 stood out for its hemicellulose content. The average contents of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, non-fibrous carbohydrates, and corrected neutral detergent fiber did not differ between cultivars, but there was variation in carbohydrate fractions. CTC9001 presented the highest value for fraction A (68.6%), while cultivar Regional and CTC9004M stood out in fraction B1+B2, and CTC2 and CTC9004M in fractions B3 and C, respectively. In the productive characteristics, CTC9004M presented the highest values of natural matter, dry matter, soluble carbohydrates, production and juice efficiency, standing out in yield. Regarding morphometric characteristics, CTC9001 showed advantages in leaf length and diameter, stem diameter, and leaf area, although there were no significant differences in plant height, tiller number, or leaf number. The cultivars have similar chemical and bromatological composition, agronomic characteristics, and growth behavior. CTC9004M demonstrated superior production efficiency, making it the most suitable option for forage use in semiarid conditions. Future studies should evaluate animal performance directly using these cultivars in feeding trials.Kirje Liquid lime and conventional agricultural lime in soil acidity correction and characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Braúna(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2025) Santos, W.B.S.; Silva, F.F.; Neto, T.M.; Dutra, I.C.; Muricy, J.F.; Santos, C.J.; Pires, A.J.V.; Dutra, G.C.; Nogueira, M.S.; Oliveira, G.R.S.; Mendes, R.B.; Jesus, D.C.The effect of applying liquid limestone and conventional limestone together with regrowth in correcting soil acidity and characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Braúna was evaluated. The treatments were randomly distributed in a 3×3 factorial scheme, with three soil corrections: 1) control; 2) conventional limestone; 3) liquid limestone and three regrowths with a cutting interval of 21 days at 10 cm from the soil, with 4 replicates. The soil pH and base saturation were evaluated in each regrowth in the 0 to 20 cm layer, in addition to the production and bromatological characteristics of Braúna grass. Conventional limestone was efficient in increasing the pH, saturation and production of root dry matter. There was a regrowth effect, where there was an increase in the levels of dry matter, NDF, ADF, hemicellulose and cellulose, and a reduction in the levels of crude protein. The use of conventional limestone is recommended to correct acidity and increase base saturation, as there is greater root development. Brachiaria brizantha cv. Braúna is influenced by regrowth at successive cutting intervals of 21 days, with reduced productivity at each cut and reduced crude protein content.Kirje The quality and fermentation of the total diet containing BRS capiaçu or sugarcane with or without urea(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2025) Silva, N.V.; Pires, A.J.V.; Dutra, I.C.; Silva, H.S.; Santos, B.E.F.; Nogueira, M.S.; Cruz, N.T.; Silva, A.P.G.; Teixeira, L.S.; Oliveira, G.R.S.; Dutra, G.C.; Teixeira, L.S.The objective of this study was to evaluate total diet silages in PVC silos, containing BRS Capiaçu or sugarcane with or without urea. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 2x2 factorial arrangement with ten replicates, with one of the roughages (sugarcane or Capiaçu) being with or without urea (2% urea on a dry matter basis). No interaction was observed between the bulk and urea factors for the variables analyzed. Diets containing sugarcane presented greater gas losses and lower pH. In contrast, effluent losses and dry matter recovery were higher in diets containing BRS Capiaçu. Ammonia nitrogen levels were influenced by both the type of roughage and the addition of urea, being higher in diets with urea and those containing BRS Capiaçu. Diets with BRS Capiaçu also resulted in higher levels of ash, NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. The addition of urea, in turn, reduced lignin levels. The levels of ADIN and NDIN were higher in diets with BRS Capiaçu and lower in those with sugarcane, while urea reduced ADIN. For NFC, there was an effect of roughage and urea, with higher values observed in diets with sugarcane and with the addition of urea. The highest iNDF levels were found in diets with BRS Capiaçu and without urea. Protein fractionation showed that the addition of urea increased fraction A and reduced fractions B1+B2 and C. Fraction B3 was higher in diets with sugarcane. Fraction C showed higher levels with BRS Capiaçu and when urea was not added. Sugarcane resulted in higher levels of fractions A+B1 and lower levels of B2 and C, a pattern opposite to that observed with BRS Capiaçu. Similarly, urea increased fractions A+B1 and decreased fractions B2 and C. The addition of urea to the diets promoted changes in the carbohydrate and protein fractions, improving the composition. Regarding the roughage used, sugarcane presented better fermentation parameters when purchased from Capiaçu.Kirje Responses of Azospirillum brasilense on Brachiaria brizantha under different soil amendments(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2025) Publio, P.P.P.; Pires, A.J.V.; Dutra, I.C.; Sousa, M.P.; Figueiredo, G.C.; Nogueira, M.S.; Oliveira, G.R.S.; Ferreira, E.P.L.; Santos, A.F.; Ribeiro, A.S.; Cardoso, P.H.S.; Soares, W.N.The objective of this study was to evaluate the responses of Brachiaria brizantha to inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in different soil amendments. Four soil amendment treatments were evaluated (Control, liming, combination of NPK fertilizers and liming + combination of NPK fertilizers), associated or not with the inoculant Azospirillum, in a completely randomized design, with five replicates per treatment. The experimental units consisted of plastic pots with a capacity of 12 liters, which were filled with 10 dm³ of sandy clayey loam soil. For soil correction, higher productions were found for the variables SPAD indexes, chlorophyll b content, carotenoids and chlorophyll a/b ratio. The soil correction factor provided greater production of green matter, dry matter, and leaf area index when using liming with NPK when compared to the control treatment. There was an increase in root volume and weight for the type of soil correction. The use of liming and combination of NPK fertilizers promoted greater development of plant height, tiller density, stem and leaf elongation, quantity and average final leaf size. The use of Azospirillum brasilense inoculation associated with soil correction is recommended, as it provides positive responses on the production of the aerial part and roots of Brachiaria brizantha.