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Sirvi Autor "Litvinov, D." järgi

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  • Pisipilt
    Kirje
    Changes in gray forest soil organic matter pools under anthropogenic load in agrocenoses
    (Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2023) Pavlichenko, A.; Dmytrenko, O.; Litvinova, O.; Kovalova, S.; Litvinov, D.; Havryliuk, O.
    The relevance of research is determined by a complex of factors that shape the change in the humus system of gray forest soil dynamics (content, total reserves, values variability of labile and stable humus pools, humification processes direction) under the influence of mineral fertilizers and chemical reclamation in the long-term ecotope conditions. The purpose of the research was to assess the impact of systematic anthropogenic loading on changes in soil organic matter pools. Research methods included long-term stationary studies, laboratory determination of organic matter content and humus group composition, and statistical data analysis. It has been proven that liming practically did not contribute to the increase of the total humus content, however, due to the coagulating effect, certain changes in labile and more stable forms of humus substances occurred in its qualitative composition. It has been established that the cultivation of crops сultivation in crop rotation with a purely mineral fertilizer system did not lead to a significant organic matter accumulation in the soil, despite the increase in crop yield levels under appropriate conditions and the accumulation of a larger vegetative mass of root and post-harvest residues entering the soil, but its losses were significantly reduced. The use of organic components (green manure, by-products) in combination with moderate rates of mineral fertilizers on a liming background (humus content 1.63%), provided a clear tendency to expand humus reproduction by 0.16%, compared to the initial level, and by 15% and 12% more than in the version with no fertilizers and just mineral system. Under such a fertilizing system, there is a tendency to increase more stable humic acids. The increase in humification of organic matter was achieved through the application of fertilizers in limed backgrounds. In this case, the humus formation type exhibited characteristics of humate-fulvate, with a value of 0.9, which is characteristic of soils of forest origin in the northern Forest-Steppe region with the presence of soil-forming factors specific to that territory. The article materials are of practical value for agricultural producers in the development of an innovative strategy for preserving the environment safety, and soil fertility under the influence of elements of energy-saving technologies for crops.
  • Pisipilt
    Kirje
    Efficiency of technology elements for growing winter wheat on typical chernozem
    (Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2023) Litvinova, O.; Dehodiuk, S.; Litvinov, D.; Havryliuk, O.; Kyrychenko, A.; Borys, N.; Dmytrenko, O.
    The use of traditional tillage technologies in short-rotational crop rotations increases the cost of agricultural production and has a negative impact on the environment. The research was aimed at establishing and improving the ways winter wheat yield increase in short-rotational crop rotations depending on the efficiency of the main tillage system and fertilizing on typical chernozems s in conditions of unstable moisture in the Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The research was conducted at the Department of Agrochemistry National Scientific Centre Institute of Agriculture of National Academy of Agricultural Scienses at the Panfil Research Station of the National Scientific Center Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences in a stationary technological experiment, on typical low-humus chernozem in 2 short rotation crop rotations with the following crops rotation: crop rotation 1 - winter rape (Brassica napus L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L), grain maize (Zea mays), spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L); crop rotation 2 - soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L). The article presents the results of research in two short-rotation crop rotations with the placement of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) after winter rape (Brassica napus L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) against the background of two tillage systems: ploughing (25–27 cm) and no-till (direct sowing). The impact of different methods of soil cultivation and fertilizing systems on the humus content and nutrient regime of typical chernozems in the agrocenosis of winter wheat was determined. It was established that in winter wheat, placed after winter rapeseed and soybeans, there is a tendency to increase the humus content under zero tillage up to 15% relative to the control (without fertilizers) and from 5–14% relative to moldboard tillage (25–27 cm ploughing). The most effective in nutrient accumulation was fertilizing system N(90)P2О5(90)K2О(90) applied after rape and after soybean. Respectively, the content of mobile phosphorus compounds increased by 10–18% and potassium by 1.3–2.0 times compared to the control (without fertilizers) with the advantage of no-tillcultivation technology. The given comparative assessment of the yield formation of winter wheat when growing it after different pre-crops showed that the average yield of winter wheat grain in both cultivations on the control option for the soybean pre-crop was 3.55 t ha-1 and 4.00 t ha-1 for rape. The highest increases in grain yield on average over the years of research were provided by the fertilizing system of 50–54% (N(90)P2О5(90)K2О(90)) for growing winter wheat after soybeans and 39–47% (N(90)P2О5(90) K2О(90)) on the winter rape pre-crop with the advantage of moldboard tillage (ploughing) in crop cultivation technologies. The fertilizing system with the introduction of N(16)P2О(16)K2О(16) has the prospect of spreading because, in terms of the formation of typical indicators of chernozem fertility and the yield of winter wheat grain, it approaches technologies with the introduction of N(120)P2О5(90–60)K2О(100–90) with significant cost savings for mineral fertilizers.
  • Pisipilt
    Kirje
    Fixed nitrogen in agriculture and its role in agrocenoses
    (2021) Tanchyk, S.; Litvinov, D.; Butenko, A.; Litvinova, O.; Pavlov, O.; Babenko, A.; Shpyrka, N.; Onychko, V.; Masyk, I.; Onychko, T.
    On typical low-humus black soils in short crop rotations with legumes (25–33%) and without them, it was found that depending on the set of crops in crop rotation and application of fertilizer rates, nitrogen yield per crop is from 355 kg ha-1 to 682 kg ha-1 . The recommended fertilization system provided nitrogen compensation for crop yields by only 31–76%. Hence, in the plant-fertilizer system nitrogen deficiency varies from 161 to 370 kg ha-1 . The greatest nitrogen deficiency in the soil is observed in crop rotation without the use of fertilizers with the following crop rotation: peas-winter wheat-grain maize-spring barley. The main source of nitrogen for plants is soil nitrogen. In crop rotations with legumes, biological nitrogen is supplied from the air, which in quantitative terms per rotation in crop rotations with peas is 109–288 kg ha-1 , with soybeans 264–312, and with alfalfa 486 kg ha-1 . Biological nitrogen in crop rotations with peas and soybeans is reimbursed from 25 to 62%, in crop rotation without legumes - 9% (non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation), and in crop rotation with alfalfa - 89% of the total nitrogen removal with the crop.