Sirvi Autor "Kupchuk, Ihor" järgi
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Kirje Analytical study of soil strain rate with a ploughshare for uncovering slit(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2020) Solona, Olena; Kovbasa, Volodymyr; Kupchuk, IhorThe article is devoted to solving one of the most important tasks of substantiating rational design and technological parameters of the working body for the installation of elements of subsurface irrigation. To reduce the frictional resistance during pulling of intra-soil irrigation communications, it becomes necessary to form a cavity inside the soil. The energy efficiency of such a process is determined by the traction resistance and directly depends on the normal and shear stresses of the soil as a result of its relative deformation during interaction with a special working body – the share of a mole plough. The geometric shape and kinematic parameters of the share, together with the mechanical characteristics of the soil, have the greatest influence on the nature of the relative deformation. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to determine the functional dependences of the components of the soil deformation rates on the geometric and kinematic parameters of the working body surface. These equations are necessary to determine the stress components in the soil, which make it possible to determine the compaction of the soil on the walls of the formed cavity (molehill), as well as the components of the forces of resistance to the movement of the working body.Kirje Application of the differential scanning calorimetry method in the study of the tomato fruits drying process(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2020) Kuznietsova, Inha; Bandura, Valentyna; Paziuk, Vаdym; Tokarchuk, Oleksii; Kupchuk, IhorStructural changes in the process of heating fresh fruit, sundried fruits and powder obtained from the dried tomato fruits were studied by differential scanning calorimetry method application. The kinetics of the shredded fruits in the dryer proves the prospects for using convective drying, which is performed for 295 minutes. The kinetic coefficients of drying and critical moisture content in the crushed fruits of tomato were determined. The kinetic coefficients were determined by the graphicalanalytical method: a = 0.839, ln(α) = 1.3 and α (1 s–1 ) = 0.262. It was determined that the critical maximum moisture content for drying the shredded fruits of tomatoes is 1.503% mm–1 , after what the process of combustion of vegetable tissue begins. The application of the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method allowed the fuller study of the mechanism of drying the fruits of tomato in different condition: fresh, sundried and dried. It was determined that the greatest amount of energy is consumed to remove free moisture (1,993 J g–1 ) from the fresh tomatoes. At the same time, when being cooled, crystallization in plant tissue occurs with the release of energy in the amount of 0.03922 J g –1 . When drying the previously sun-dried tomatoes the process of moisture removal and the partial decomposition of the compounds that are unstable to temperature is completed. At the same time, at the 129.61 °C temperature in the powder obtained from the fruits of tomatoes, melting of carbohydrates and other compounds occurred. Thus, this confirms the need to observe the normalized value of the mass fraction of moisture in the powders in the process of their packaging, storage and use. The basic technological system of production of powder from dried fruits of tomatoes is offered.Kirje Ecological suitability peas (Pisum sativum) varieties to climate change in Ukraine(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2021) Mazur, Victor; Tkachuk, Oleksandr; Pantsyreva, Hanna; Kupchuk, Ihor; Mordvaniuk, Myroslava; Chynchyk, OleksandrThe varieties of peas can realize about 50% of their productive potential. One of the main reasons for this is the wrong choice of variety for specific ecological growing conditions. Therefore, the purpose and task of our research are to analyze the current range of peas, included in the State Register of plant varieties suitable for cultivation in Ukraine in terms of their real productivity and resistance to drought and disease in the context of climate change in the direction of drought and temperature rise. Assessment of agroecological stability of pea varieties was carried out by elaboration of the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine for 2020, 2010 and Official Descriptions of Plant Varieties and Suitability Indicators submitted in the official bulletins "Protection of Plant Variety Rights" published in Information and reference system "Variety". The most resistant to disease in Ukraine are varieties of peas 'Verbal', 'Prystan', 'Есо', 'Atanas', 'Haiduk'. Varieties are marked by the highest drought resistance 'Verbal', 'Album', 'Alssas', 'Kampus'. The most productive varieties were peas 'Kosmai', 'Album', 'Haiduk', 'Trendy'. The increase in the average annual air temperature in Ukraine during 2001–2020 by 19.3% (8.2–9.9 °C) led to a decrease in the yield of peas by 13.7%, but an increase in the score of resistance of pea varieties to diseases by 25.0%, the score of drought resistance – by 18.8%. Comparison of indicators of disease resistance, drought resistance and productivity of pea varieties for 2020 and 2010 showed that the score of resistance of pea varieties sown to diseases in the period from 2010 to 2020 increased from 6.3 to 8.4 points, i.e. by 25.0%. Drought resistance of pea varieties in 2020 compared to 2010 increased from 6.5 to 8.0 points, which is 18.8%. At the same time, the grain productivity of pea varieties in 2020 compared to 2010 decreased from 3.57 t ha–1 to 3.08 t ha–1, which is 13.7%.Kirje Effect of probiotic supplement on nutrient digestibility and production traits on broiler chicken(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2021) Poberezhets, Julia; Chudak, Roman; Kupchuk, Ihor; Yaropud, Vitalii; Rutkevych, VolodymyrThe aim of the research was to investigate feed nutrient digestion and slaughter indicators of broiler chickens fed a probiotic supplement based on lactic acid bacteria. The experiment lasted for 42 days. Four groups of one-day-old broiler chickens of the Ross-308 cross were selected by the method of analogous groups, each group contained 50 birds. Broilers were kept in group cages considering all zoohygienic requirements. The control group consumed a basic diet (BD), i.e., a complete feed. The experimental groups were additionally fed different doses of a probiotic supplement (by percentage mass of feed). The broiler chickens fed the probiotic supplement had increased digestibility of dry matter, protein, fibre and nitrogen-free extractives (NFE) compared with the control group. The application of probiotic supplement in broiler feeding increases the availability of essential amino acids, i.e. lysine, histidine, arginine, threonine, valine, methionine, isoleucine compared with the control. The absorption of Ca, P, Mg, and Mn increased with the probiotic supplement. The probiotic supplement application in the diet of broiler chickens increased the pre-slaughter live weight by 16.7%, the un-gutted body weight by 15.0% and gutted body weight by 17.3%. Probiotic supplement had a positive effect on the digestibility of feed nutrients, increased the absorption of amino acids and minerals in the body broiler chickens.Kirje Justification of the mechatronic system for pigsty microclimate maintenance(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2021) Yaropud, Vitalii; Hunko, Iryna; Aliiev, Elchyn; Kupchuk, IhorThe main parameters of the microclimate of pig farms are regulated by the norms of technological design. Naturally, such micro-climate parameters at real energy prices require high costs, but these are the most favourable conditions for the life of suckling piglets. According to the presented analysis, the problem of research is the need to provide a micro-climate in the room for comfortable keeping of pigs, which is currently achieved through high energy. The purpose of the development is to increase the efficiency of the microclimate of pig farms by using a mechatronic control system, rational use of utilized air energy and soil thermal potential with reduced energy costs of the ventilation system. The problem is solved by creating such a mechatronic system to ensure the microclimate of pig farms, which can: switch the direction of airflow to ensure the operation of the system in winter and summer; to control the movement of air, which must be disposed of according to the parameters of its quality; to provide a local microclimate in each place where animals are kept; rational use of soil thermal energy as a source of alternative energy; to carry out automatic pumping of the water necessary for humidification of air, and its utilization. The article presents the results of research of parameters of the developed mechatronic system of providing microclimate of pig premises, which were carried out in three stages: research of heat exchanger of side-evaporating type; substantiation of the ventilation system of polluted air intake; substantiation of the ventilation system for injecting clean air taking into account it's geothermal heating/cooling. The advantage of the proposed mechatronic system of the microclimate of pig farms is that it allows increasing the efficiency of microclimate by rational use of energy of utilized air (due to the use of side-evaporator type heat exchanger based on Maisotsenko cycle) and soil heat potential (geothermal energy) at low operating costs of the ventilation system through the additional provision of mechatronic elements. The presented results of numerical simulation of the indirect evaporative heat exchanger allow us to state that the cooling effect obtained in indirect evaporative channels can be quite high in comparison with traditional air conditioning patterns. The presented heat exchanger based on the Maisotsenko cycle (M-cycle) of considered heat carrier flow scheme is characterized by its high cost-effectiveness, low specific cost, small operational costs and structural simplicity, which is confirmed in the works. The models obtained in the Star CCM +software package can be used for optimization analysis of air-cooling with variations in the Reynolds number, humidity, channel length and geometric dimensions of channels. Because of analytical investigations of the contaminated air intake ventilation system, the method was developed and on its basis – the algorithm was implemented for the determination of geometrical arrangement of holes in the air duct of the mechatronic system for pigsty microclimate maintenance.