Andmebaasi logo

Sirvi Autor "Alaru, Maarika" järgi

Nüüd näidatakse 1 - 6 6
  • Pisipilt
    Kirje
    Can intercropping alter cereal grains dietary fiber composition?
    (Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Khaleghdoust, Banafsheh; Alaru, Maarika; Korge, Mailiis; Esmaeilzadeh Salestani, Keyvan; Loit-Harro, Evelin; Estonian University of Life Sciences. Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology
    Barley and oats are essential cereal grains that contribute to satisfying the consumer's need for dietary fibers, namely arabinoxylans (AX) and beta-glucans (BG). Due to the increasing popularity of intercropping as an environmentally friendly and low-cost approach to sustainable intensification of agriculture and crop production, it is important to understand the relationship between mixed cropping on cereal grains' dietary fiber content. Therefore, the effect of intercropping barley and oat with vetch and field pea was studied compared to pure sown barley and oat on grain AX and BG content in two successive years (2022‒2023). Our result showed that oat had consistently higher AX content while barley demonstrated greater BG content. Intercropping had an influence only on barley grains' BG content, but contrary to our hypothesis, intercropping with vetch decreased the overall concentration of BG when compared to barley pure stand, as vetch was a too competitive partner. We found that grain quality parameters, such as thousand kernel weight and test weight, were positively associated with higher BG content in barley grains. Over a two-year period, weather conditions had an impact only on BG content in intercropped treatments. Increased precipitation decreased BG content in oat and barley in 2022 compared to 2023. Both grains AX content was not affected by intercropping or annual growing conditions.
  • Pisipilt
    Kirje
    Changes in the content of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in the organic and conventional cropping systems
    (Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2023) Kuht, Jaan; Eremeev, Viacheslav; Loit, Evelin; Alaru, Maarika; Mäeorg, Erkki; Talgre, Liina; Luik, Anne; Estonian University of Life Sciences. Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences
    Maintaining and increasing the stock of soil organic carbon is of vital importance in maintaining the soil fertility. In present research the changes in the content of organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (Ntot) in the soil are investigated. The data is collected from the long-term field experiment, which compares organic and conventional farming systems in a crop rotation (barley undersown with red clover, red clover, winter wheat, pea, potato) during 2014–2018. Based on the 5-year experiment, it was concluded that the cropping systems have a significant effect on the SOC content and a smaller effect on the Ntot content of the soil. The diversification of organic cropping systems with cover crops and composted cattle manure significantly increases the content of organic carbon in the soil. The results of the experiment indicate that the content of organic carbon was significantly lower (by 7.6–12.6%) in conventional systems, where pesticides had been applied and cover crops and manure had not been used, compared to the organic cropping systems. The correlations between the SOC contents of main crops and precrops were statistically more significant in organic farming system, compared to the conventional system. Highest SOC and Ntot values were observed in organic systems with cover crops and composted manure fertilization. Hence, it can be stated that in order to improve the soil fertility and fix more carbon and nitrogen, high amounts of organic material should be applied into the soil and the activity of soil microbes should be a priority. The organic cropping systems have more advantages for sustainable crop production.
  • Pisipilt
    Kirje
    Impact of changing weather on the crops yield stability in different cropping systems
    (Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2023) Viikoja, Ragnar; Alaru, Maarika; Keres, Indrek; Lillak, Rein; Voor, Ivo; Loit, Evelin; Estonian University of Life Sciences. Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology
    Changes in weather conditions make it possible to change the schedule of agricultural works and introduce new crops and crop rotations in Northern Europe. It is important that the yield of the crops in the rotation are stable under highly variable weather conditions, which would ensure a high total yield for the rotation. One of the goals of this long-term field experiment (2008–2022) was to study the effect of weather conditions on the total yield and stability in the crop rotation; crops of the given crop rotation were grown in organic and conventional cropping systems. Compared to the pre-experimental period 1964‒2007, the annual average air temperature of the test period 2008‒2022 was higher by 1.1 degrees, whereas the increase in the annual average temperature was primarily due to the increase in winter and June–July temperatures. In the 3rd cropping cycle (2018–2022) the total yield of crop rotation as an average of fertilizer variants and experimental years was 21% and 24% lower than in the 1st (2008–2012) and 2nd (2013–2017) cropping cycles, respectively, which was mainly caused by the decrease in field pea yield. The effect of weather on yield stability was greatest for field pea. Fertilization with mineral fertilizers improved the stability of the total yield in the conventional cropping system. Correlation, factorial analyses of variance (ANOVA) and two-factor ANOVA were used to test the effect of cropping systems and climatic conditions on total and average DM yield of crop rotation, also each crop’s DM yield. Despite the negative impact of the weather, most of the yield loss can be prevented or the damage can be eased by careful planning and detailed knowledge about the influence of different weather factors. Further investigation is required to determine the change in growing season length, sowing dates and harvesting to provide farmers more detailed tools to predict and plan their actions.
  • Pisipilt
    Kirje
    Impact of weather conditions and farming systems on size distribution of starch granules and flour yield of winter wheat
    (MDPI, 2020) Keres, Indrek; Alaru, Maarika; Talgre, Liina; Luik, Anne; Eremeev, Viacheslav; Sats, Andres; Jõudu, Ivi; Riisalu, Anu; Loit, Evelin; Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. Estonian University of Life Sciences; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences. Estonian University of Life Sciences; ERA Chair for Food (By-) Products Valorisation Technologies of Estonian University of Life Sciences. Estonian University of Life Sciences
    The size distribution of wheat-grain starch granules has an impact on the yield of fine flour. The aim of the study was to compare the impact of conventional (mineral fertilizers, pesticides) and organic farming treatments (cover crops, composted cattle manure) on (i) the size distribution of starch granules, (ii) the level of the first break whole and fine flour yield. The grain samples of winter wheat cv Fredis were taken from a long-term field crop rotation experiment established in 2008 at the Estonian University of Life Sciences in Tartu County (58 220 N, 26 400 E) on Stagnic Luvisol soil. The weather conditions during the grain filling period of winter wheat had a strong impact (p < 0.001) on the grain starch granule size distribution. The proportion of starch granules with a smaller diameter (C-type granules) was higher in years with a longer grain filling period. The size distribution of starch granules was not influenced by farming system. The increased proportion of C-type granules increased the fine flour yield significantly. Fertilisation with organic manure and twice with mineral nitrogen increased significantly the mean diameter value of different starch granules.
  • Pisipilt
    Kirje
    Rohtsete energiakultuuride uuringud
    (Eesti Maaülikool, 2007) Noormets, Merrit; Raave, Henn; Viiralt, Rein; Kuusemets, Valdo; Alaru, Maarika; Kuht, Jaan; Talgre, Liina; Makke, Arvo; Eesti Maaülikool. Põllumajandus- ja keskkonnainstituut
    Senised uurimistööd nii Euroopas kui USA-s on olnud suunatud potentsiaalsete energia tootmiseks sobilike heintaimede väljaselgitamisele. Valiku tegemisel on lähtutud eelkõige liikide produktiivsusest. Uurimistööde tulemusena on USA-s valitud välja 35 ja Euroopas 20 liiki , mis võiksid energiaheina tootmisel omada potentsiaali. Valitud liikide hulgast otsustati pöörata edaspidises uurimistöös rohkem tähelepanu vitshirsile (Panicum virgatum), päideroole (Phalaris arundenacea), harilikule hiidroole (Arundo donax) ja siidpöörisele (Miscanthus spp.)(Lewandowski et. al. 2003). Neist neljast, võiksid Eesti klimaatilistesse tingimustesse sobida, tänu nende C3 fotosünteesi rajale, päideroog ja harilik hiidroog. Viimati nimetatud liik on seni Eestis vähetuntud ja selle kasvatamise kohta siin puuduvad andmed. Päideroogu on Eestis seni uuritud peamiselt sööda tootmise eesmärgil.
  • Pisipilt
    Kirje
    Taimekasvatus : õpik kõrgkoolidele
    (Eesti Maaülikool, 2021) Alaru, Maarika; Annuk, Tiiu; Bender, Ingrid; Keres, Indrek; Korge, Mailiis; Lauringson, Enn; Lillak, Rein; Loit, Evelin; Mäeorg, Erkki; Narits, Lea; Talgre, Liina; Loit, Evelin (koostaja); Keres, Indrek (koostaja)
    Taimed moodustavad esmase toodangu põllumajanduses. Taimekasvatussaadusi kasutatakse nii inimtoiduks, söödana põllumajandusloomadele kui ka toorainena paljudele teistele tööstusharudele. Lisaks eelnevale rikastavad taimed elukeskkonda hapnikuga, moodustades asendamatu lüli bioloogilises ringes. Tänapäeva olukorras, kus inimkond suureneb iga päevaga ning väärtusliku põllumajandusmaa hulk väheneb, muutub surve taimekasvatusele, kui toidu tootjale. Lisaks toob pidevalt muutuv kliima kaasa vajaduse kohaneda järjest suuremaks. Lisaks muutub kliima iga aastaga, mis toob kaasa vajaduse kohaneda. Seetõttu moodustab taimekasvatus suure osa toiduga kindlustatusest ning õiged otsused kasvatavate kultuuride ja rakendatavate tehnoloogiate valikus, on erinevate riskide vähendamise juures olulised. Taimekasvatus on juba praegu ja veel enam tulevikus osa ringbiomajandusest, mis tähendab, et tootmine peab olema kestlik ning saagi väärindama maksimaalne. Me oleme pannud kokku kaasaegse taimekasvatuse õpiku, mida saab kasutada kõrgkoolis teraviljade, õlikultuuride ning liblikõieliste kultuuride õpetamisel. Viimane üldine taimekasvatusalane õpik Eestis anti välja 1986. aastal („Taimekasvatus“, autorid: J. Heinsoo, E. Jaama, J. Jõudu, E. Reimets, K. Viilberg). Viimase 20 aasta jooksul on põhitõed taimekasvatuses jäänud küll samaks, kuid on toimunud palju muutusi kasvatavates kultuurides ja kasvatustehnoloogiates. Kartulit on põhjalikult käsitletud Juhan Jõudu koostatud ’Kartulikasvatuse“ raamatus, mis ilmus aastal 2002. Rohumaa kultuuride kohta saab õppida Dr. Ants Benderi koostatud raamatust „Eritüübiliste rohumaade rajamine ja kasutamine“, mis ilmus 2006. aastal. Käesolev õpik annab põhiteadmised emakeeles, sellele lisaks saab kasutada võõrkeelset kirjandust. Taimekasvatust õpetatakse Eesti Maaülikoolis mitmel õppekaval: põllumajandussaaduste tootmine ja turustamine, aiandus, loodusvarade kasutamine ja kaitse, loodusturism ja maamajanduslik ettevõtlus ja finantsjuhtimine. Seetõttu leiab uus õpik laialdast kasutust. Lisaks saavad õpikut kasutada Olustvere Teenindus-ja Maamajanduskoolis õppijad. Ka kogenud põllumajandustootjad noored agronoomid ja teised taimekasvatushuvilised saavad värskendada enda teadmisi. Käesolev õpik on oluline lisandus Mullateaduse kõrgkooliõpikule. Autorite kollektiivi on koondatud õppejõud ja teadlased, kes on sellel alal parimad asjatundjad Eestis. Suur tänu kõigile autoritele ja nõuandjatele! Põllumees saab igal aasta uue võimaluse. Enamus Eesti põllumajanduskultuure on üheaastased, ehk igal aastal külvatakse uus seeme. Igal sügisel saab pärast saagikoristust teha õppetundidest ja kogemustest uued järeldused. Nii näeme ka meie seda õpikut elava süsteemina. Mitte just igal aastal, aga teatud perioodi tagant, näeme me õpikut uuenemas.