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2023

Selle valdkonna püsiv URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10492/8571

Sirvi

Sirvi 2023 Autor "Eesti Maaülikool. Põllumajandus- ja keskkonnainstituut. Mullateaduse õppetool" järgi

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  • Pisipilt
    Kirje
    Leetunud muld on Eesti aasta 2023 muld
    (Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2023) Kõlli, Raimo; Tõnutare, Tõnu; Eesti Maaülikool. Põllumajandus- ja keskkonnainstituut. Mullateaduse õppetool
    For the Year 2023 Soil of Estonia by the Estonian Soil Science Society was elected the Podzolic or podzolized soil, which is known by the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) as Umbric Podzol. In introduction of actual review the Podzolic soils’ morphology and their subdivision principles (by moisture conditions and profile development) are analysed. By the Estonia Soil Classification totally seven species of podzolized automorphic soils have been separated, from which each species have an original code used in the soil mapping. By mean of schematic map is characterized the distribution of these soils in Estonia, but by mean of normally developed soils’ matrix the co-evolution with other soil species. Podzolic soils are formed totally 5.0% from the total Estonian soil cover, but 4.3% from the forest and 5.2% from the arable land. Special attention was payed to humus status of these soils, characterizing among others humus cover (or humipedons) fabric and essential properties separately on forest and arable lands. Beside of depending on soil texture, moisture conditions and land use, soil quantitative characteristics (given by soil species or by soil groups), as well the results of comparative analysis and using peculiarities of Podzolic soils in agricultural practice have been explained. At end of the review the possibilities for characterizing Podzolic soils’ species and varieties peculiarities by mean of principal and supplemental qualifiers WRB is explained.
  • Pisipilt
    Kirje
    Vahekultuuride biomassi moodustamise ja lämmastiku sidumise võime ning mõju suviodra saagile
    (Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2023) Toom, Merili; Talgre, Liina; Tamm, Sirje; Tamm, Ülle; Tamm, Ilmar; Narits, Lea; Talve, Tiina; Edesi, Liina; Lauringson, Enn; Eesti Maaülikool. Põllumajandus- ja keskkonnainstituut. Mullateaduse õppetool
    Cover crops play an important role in preventing nutrient loss, reducing agricultural inputs, improving soil quality and environmental sustainability. The objectives of the study were to determine the biomass and nitrogen accumulation of cover crops and their effect on the following spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Field trials with cover crop species winter rye (Secale cereale L), winter turnip rape (Brassica rapa spp. oleifera L.), forage radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. longipinnatus), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), and berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) were carried out during four growing seasons (2016/17, 2017/18, 2018/19, and 2019/20) at the Estonian Crop Research Institute (present: The Centre of Estonian Rural Research and Knowledge, METK). Cover crop biomass and N accumulation in autumn and in spring depended on species and growing conditions. The biomass and nitrogen (N) accumulation were at their lowest in the first growing season (2016/17) due to lowest level of effective temperatures. Forage radish accumulated the highest amount of biomass and N in autumn. Berseem clover accumulated lowest amount of biomass and N in the year with drought conditions (2018) before sowing. Among overwintered cover crops, hairy vetch accumulated the highest amount of N in the spring although its biomass was similar to winter turnip rape. Winter rye had the lowest biomass and N accumulation in spring. As an average over the four years, only forage radish and hairy vetch significantly increased the yield of subsequent barley. None of the cover crops had a negative effect on barley, as the yield level following other species was similar to the control without cover crop. The knowledge about cover crop selection is useful to integrate suitable species into Estonian cropping systems.