2018, Vol. 16, Special Issue 2
Selle kollektsiooni püsiv URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10492/5381
Sirvi
Sirvi 2018, Vol. 16, Special Issue 2 Autor "Abelniece, K." järgi
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Kirje Effects of processing conditions on physical parameters of triticale flakes(2018) Kince, T.; Straumite, E.; Klava, D.; Kruma, Z.; Abelniece, K.; Balgalve, A.Consumer interest in breakfast cereal flakes has increased during the last few years. Various technologies, used to produce flakes, significantly influence their quality parameters and shelf - life stab ility. The main purpose of the present research was to investigate how different processing methods affect the physical parameters of triticale flakes. For obtaining the flakes, cleaned whole triticale grains were treated using the following technologies: dry processing (hot air), steam processing and soaking with subsequent steaming. For preparing the flakes different kilning methods and traditional flaking rolls were used. Traditionally made rolled and dried whole grain triticale flakes were analysed as a control sample. Using standard methods, the flakes’ moisture content, water activity, microstructure, swelling capacity and colour changes were analysed. The gap settings of flake rollers do not influence significantly ( P < 0.05) changes of starch during processing. However, the starch granules were fully transformed into sugars in the flake samples with greater thickness. Non - significant ( P < 0.05) steaming and hot air drying (toasting) conditions’ effects were observed on the changes of the starch granules during processing. Strong correlation was determined during the analysis of water activity and moisture content. The moisture content of the ready - to - eat flakes varied from 2.54% to 10.66%, and the water activity value was from 0.108 to 0.494. Compared with traditionally processed flakes (control sample) the colour of the flakes prepared using other technologies changed significantly, the E values varied from 9.587 to 18.554. The colour of the soaked - steamed - rolled - hot air dried samples was similar but those significantly differed from the colour of soaked - dried - rolled - hot air dried flake samples. The soaked - dried - rolled - hot air dried flakes were darker compared with other analysed flake samples.Kirje Influence of technological parameters on chemical composition of triticale flakes(2018) Kruma, Z.; Straumite, E.; Kince, T.; Klava, D.; Abelniece, K.; Balgalve, A.Triticale is hybrid crop developed by crossing wheat ( Triticum ) and rye ( Secale ) and in last years it become more popular for food applications, including flake production. Different approaches are developed to improve flakes technology by applying different cooking, rolling, toasting parameters resulting in high quality products. All these technologies influence also nutrition quality of product due to the diffe rent stability of these compounds during mechanical and thermal treatment. The aim of current experiment was to investigate the influence of technological parameters on chemical composition of triticale flakes. In current experiment triticale grains and tr iticale flakes obtained by different technologies was tested. For evaluation of the influence of technological parameters, different flaking and rolling parameters were tested. For all samples were determined composition of basic nutrients (fats, proteins, fibres, sugars, ash), minerals (Ca, Mg, K, Zn, P), vitamins, total phenolics and antioxidant activity. Triticale has high nutritional quality, containing significant amounts of protein, fibres, vitamins and minerals. Technological processes significantly influence cereals composition, but it depends on parameters tested. Control sample showed lower results and hierarchical cluster analyses showed that samples 1/3/1, 2/1/2/1, 2/1/3/1, 2/1/4/1 are similar in composition of bioactive compounds. Results showed that for selection of the best method for flaking physical and/or sensory properties should be taken in account.