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2024, Vol. 22, No. 3

Selle kollektsiooni püsiv URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10492/9520

Sirvi

Sirvi 2024, Vol. 22, No. 3 Autor "Bulgakov, V." järgi

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  • Pisipilt
    Kirje
    Assessment of the structural-aggregate composition of podzolized chernozem under various agrogenic impacts and post-agrogenic state
    (Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Bulgakov, V.; Gadzalo, I.; Kropivnyi, V.; Demydenko, O.; Holovach, I.; Ihnatiev, Ye.; Trokhaniak, O.; Olt, Jüri; Estonian University of Life Sciences. Institute of Forestry and Engineering
    Identify the main patterns of transformation and establish normative parameters of changes in the structural and aggregate composition of low-humus podzolized chernozem (type of soil, known as ‘chernozem’ in Ukrainian, which translates to ‘black soil’) in the Central ForestSteppe of Ukraine in the transition period to the no-till system and minimal tillage in the agrocenosis of 5-field grain generally accepted approaches to assessing soil structure and modern statistical methods of compiling information analysis data. The generally accepted research methods were used: field, laboratory, mathematical methods, comparative and computational. The study uses fractal comparative analysis, which is a sensitive tool for assessing the distribution of structural units and water-stable aggregates in the soil. Over the past 6 years, the experimental plots have been organized with a 5-field grain-row crop rotation using three different primary tillage systems: systematic plowing, surface tillage, and transitional tillage (minimal tillage on the background of systematic plowing six years ago). It was found that the structural-aggregate state of the 0–30 cm layer of Chernozem under surface tillage was in better condition in terms of aggregate water stability over the seasonal cycle and provided better conditions for further transition to the no-till system in crop rotation compared to surface tillage after systematic plowing. According to fractal indicators, the state of water-resistant structure in the spring is assessed as unstable, although the surface treatment of qualitative and quantitative indicators of water resistance is better compared to plowing. In the summer, a fractal assessment of the state of the waterproof structure showed that regardless of the method of tillage, its condition has deteriorated to a greater extent. Thus, the fractal dimension was at the level of D > 2, which indicates the edge of the unstable state of the waterproof structure, but the Hurst index was H ≤ 0, which indicates the process of destruction of waterproof aggregates. Based on the definitions, we can say that from the systematic application of surface tillage agrophysical condition of 0–30 cm layer of chernozem in terms of structural condition and water resistance of the structure was in better condition compared to plowing and transitional tillage, which should be regarded as the end of the transition period (6 years) before the application of the No-till system in unchanged design in 5-field crop rotation.
  • Pisipilt
    Kirje
    Influence of the pyrogenic impact upon the state of soil microbiocenosis of eight- and twenty-years old fallows (lea lands)
    (Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Kaminskyi, V.; Malynovska, I.; Bulgakov, V.; Balian, A.; Olt, Jüri; Rucins, A.; Estonian University of Life Sciences. Institute of Forestry and Engineering
    The restoration dynamics of the biological activity of soils after fires of various intensity is an urgent problem. Pyrogenic effects (fires) affect the state of microscopic soil inhabitants: bacteria, micromycetes, etc., causing their death and reducing their physiological and biochemical activity. From a theoretical and practical points of view it is important to study changes in the community of the soil microorganisms during the restoration of phytocenoses in the post-pyrogenic areas. Investigations of Albebeluvisoil were carried out as an example in geographically close areas: 1 and 2 – soil, withdrawn from agricultural use in 1987 (twenty-yearsold fallow); 3 and 4 – soil, withdrawn from agricultural use in 2000 (eight-years old fallow. Studies of the state of the post-pyrogenic and background sections of the eight-year-old and twenty-year-old fallows showed that the mechanism of the effect of fire upon the soil microbiocenosis differs 3 and 14 months after it took place. After the fire during a three-month period there are general processes that lead to a decrease in the number of unicellular living organisms, which also lose their physiological and biochemical activity, there is an increase in mineralization, based on compounds of elements such as carbon and nitrogen. The exception is humus. There is also an increase in soil phytotoxicity of soil. The conducted researches have established that after 14 months the processes of active decomposition of humus begin to decrease and in general the phytotoxicity of soil decreases. There are also observed processes of increase in the number of single-celled living organisms on the basis of nitrogen and phosphorus. After 26 months the consequences of the fire are minimized: the difference in the number of microorganisms and their physiological and biochemical activity becomes statistically unreliable, with the exception of micromycetes, mobilizers of mineral and organophosphates, nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms; the difference in total biological activity is reduced from 12.6 to 8.67%, in phytotoxicity - from 16.0 to 2.89%.
  • Pisipilt
    Kirje
    Study of the influence of different organic fertilizers on soil agrochemical parameters in hazelnut plantations in Ukrainian Southern Steppe
    (Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Nikipelova, O.; Pyliak, N.; Yarochevsky, V.; Rucins, A.; Bulgakov, V.
    The effect of different origin organic fertilizers on agrochemical indicators of typical medium-humic chernozem in hazelnut plantings in the conditions of Ukrainian Southern Steppe was studied. There were used cattle manure, chicken droppings, Biofertilizer No. 1 (the combination of sewage sludge, winter wheat straw, phosphate-mobilizing bacteria Microbacterium barkeri), Biofertilizer No. 2 (the combination of sewage sludge, sunflower seed husks, phosphate-mobilizing bacteria Microbacterium barkeri), and native sewage sludge in the study. It was found that different origin organic fertilizers effected on the main agrochemical soil indicators increasing. The content of easy hydrolyzable nitrogen in soil increased from 84.0 mg kg-1 in control up to 98.0 mg kg-1 in the tests, mobile phosphorus - consequently from 138.75 mg kg-1 in control to 306.30 mg kg-1 in the tests, and potassium from 108.40 mg kg-1 in control to 166.90 mg kg-1. In addition, the organic matter content increasing from 3.76% (control) to 4.18% (tests) in the soil was detected. The express biosensor analysis of the fertilized soil showed a variation of the average ecotoxicity indicator from 0.92 to 1.41 which could be classified as a “low” common pollution level. It also detected an elevated zinc content in soil samples fertilized by Biofertilizer No. 1 and native sewage sludge. It proves that organic fertilizers based on sewage sludge applying can allow for overcoming the zinc deficit in Ukrainian soils. The advantages of Biofertilizers No. 1 and No. 2 were identified in respect to other studied organic fertilizers. New biofertilizers using allows soil nutrient content increasing, soil biological activity enhancement, which resulting in improvement in crop yield, and environmental enhancement.