Tööasendi ergonoomikalise hindamise ankeetmeetodid

Abstract

Käesoleva uurimistöö eesmärgiks oli võrrelda kergesti kasutatavaid tööasendi ergonoomikalise hindamise ankeetmeetodeid, et tuua välja nende erinevused, puudused ja head omadused. Keskenduti enamlevinud ankeetmeetoditele ning hinnati kolme suurima hõivatusega ametiala Eestis. Töös kasutati ankeetmeetotodeid ning fotomeetodit, milles hinnati pedagoogist tippspetsialisti, müüjat ja ehitajat, kuna nendel ametialadel töötad Eestis kõige enam inimesi. Töötajaid hinnatakse kolme ankeetmeetodi järgi: Juhend terviseriski hindamiseks raskuste käsitsi teisaldamisel (JTHRKT); RULA – (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) kiire ülajäsemete hindamise meetoddja REBA – (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) kiire kogu keha hindamise meetod. Meetodid valiti ScienceDirect andmebaasile tuginedes, kuna neid kasutatakse kõige enam. Uuringu tulemustestest selgus, et RULA ja REBA meetodil tulid riskitasemed suuremad kui JTHRKT järgi hinnates, milles puudub luu- ja lihaskonda mõjutavate riskide hindamine. Kuna kutsehaigestumisel on suur osa luu- ja lihaskonda mõjutavatel riskidel, siis tuleks töötajatel ka neid riske hinnata. Üheks põhilisemaks soovituseks tõi uurija välja Eestis kehtiva raskuste käsitsi teisaldamise juhendi muutmisel töötaja kehaosade eraldi hindamise lisamise.

The aim of this Bachelor's thesis was to compare pen-and-paper-based methods for ergonomic assessment working posture to bring out their differences, faults and good qualities. The focus was on the most common methods and assessment was done for the three most occupied professions in Estonia. Photo method and pen-and-paper-based method were used to assess pedagogue, seller and builder because these are the most occupied proffessions in Estonia. Workers are evaluated with three pen-and-paper-based methods – the Republic of Estonia Regulation "Manual Handling of the Loads at Work "; RULA – (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) and REBA – ( Rapid Entire Body Assessment ). The methods were chosen on the basis of the database ScienceDirect, since they are used the most. The survey results showed that the action levels are much higher when assessing with RULA and REBA methods, Republic of Estonia Regulation action levels are lower than theirs, because of the lack of the musculoskeletal risk assessment. Since musculoskeletal risks have a huge effect on occupational diseases, it should definitely be included in the assessment of the working posture. One of the main recommendation that the researcher brought out was the change of the Republic of Estonia Regulation "Manual Handling of the Loads at Work" to add the assessment of different body parts into it.