Suvinisu kvaliteet sõltuvalt väetamisest

Abstract

Käesoleva uurimustöö eesmärgiks oli uurida, kuidas mõjutas IOSDV 2010. aasta põldkatses erinevad lämmastikunormid suvinisu saagikust ja saagi kvaliteeti. Sealjuures uurida alternatiivse väetise kasutussobivust kvaliteedinäitajate hindamisel ja majanduslikul tasuvusel. Pikaajalisel IOSDV põldkatsel uuriti suvinisu „Vinjett“ saagikust ja kvaliteedinäitajatest 1000 tera massi, toorproteiini sisaldust, mahukaalu, kleepvalku, gluteeniindeksit ja langemisarvu. Väetamisvariantideks olid erinevad lämmastiku normid (0, 40, 80, 120 ja 160 kg N/ha) sõnniku järelmõju foonil ja ilma orgaanilise väetiseta. Alternatiivseks väetiseks oli Haavapuitmassi jääkmuda segu klinkritolmuga (1:1). Katsete läbiviimise tulemusena selgus, et saak ja kvaliteet paranesid lämmastiku normide suurenedes ja suurim kasum teeniti lämmastiku koguse juures 120 kg N hektarile, seda nii ilma orgaanilise väetiseta kui sõnniku 1. aasta järelmõju foonil. Alternatiivse väetise puhul oli suurim kasum siis kui anti jääkmuda normiga 40 t/ha. Kvaliteedi hindamisel selgus, et väetamine erinevatel foonidel mõjutab kvaliteedi näitajaid erinevalt. Haava puitmassi jääkmuda koos klinkritolmuga väetamisel jäi suvinisu kvaliteet söödanisu tasemele. Parima tulemuse alternatiivsel väetamisel andis haava puitmassi jääkmuda ja klinkritolmu segu normiga 40 t/ha. Kõige parem tulu saadi variandis 120 kg N/ha mõlemal foonil. Kõige suurem kasum oli alternatiivsel väetamisel haava puitmassi jääkmuda ja klinkritolmu segu normiga 40 t/ha. Haava puitmassi jääkmuda ja klinkritolmu segu saab kasutada alternatiivse väetisena ja vajab edaspidist uurimist mulla omaduste seisukohast.

The goal of the study was to investigate 1) the impact of nitrogen fertilization on yield and quality of spring wheat in growing season of 2010 on IOSDV field experiment. 2) the suitability for use of an alternative fertilizer and 3) assessing the economic feasibility of quality indicators in different treatments. Different levels of mineral nitrogen (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg N/ha) alone and combined with a residual effect of manure in the first year were applied for spring wheat. As an alternative fertilizer was used two norms (20 and 40 t/ha) of aspen pulp sludge of Estonian Cell with a mixture of clinker dust as well as the direct and residual effect of the first years. Studied quality parameters for spring wheat ‘Vinjett’ were hectoliter volume weight, 1000 grain weight, crude protein content and baking quality showing falling number, gluten content and gluten index. Research was carried out in the long-term experimental field of Estonian University of Life Sciences Agricultural and Environmental Institute with low humus content of Fragi-Stagnic Albeluvisol loamy soil. Increasing levels of mineral nitrogen enhanced yield of spring wheat on both backgrounds. The alternative fertilizer significantly increased yield compared to the control and its impact on yield was equivalent to mineral nitrogen norms 80, 120, 160 kg N/ha through both backgrounds of organic fertilizer.The quality standard for food wheat was achieved only in the treatments with higher levels of mineral nitrogen (80, 120, 160 kg N/ha) on both backgrounds. Application of the pulp sludge mixture with clincer dust increased the yield but the quality of spring wheat remained lower grade according fodder wheat standard. Only in treatment of norm 40 t/ha of alternative fertilizer was achieved lowest quality grade for food wheat. Mineral fertilizers increased the yield and improved the quality more than the alternatively used pulp sludge mixture with a clinker dust. It was economically more profitable the use of mineral fertilizer than alternative fertilizer, while alternative fertilizer had higher total costs compared with mineral fertilizers. While the yield and quality improvement raised by the increasing nitrogen levels, then the highest profit was earned at 120 kg N/ha with both organic fertilizer backgrounds. Alternative fertilizers had the highest profit in treatment of higher norm (40 t/ha). The mixture of aspen pulp sludge and the clinker dust can be used successfully as an alternative fertilizer for spring wheat. In future it should study impact of the mixture of aspen sludge and the clincer dust on soil properties.