Humiinainete mõju köögiviljade kasvule ja arengule
Abstract
Säästva põllumajanduse raames on viimastel aastakümnetel üha rohkem hakatud uurima
humiinaineid ja nende efektiivsust taimekasvatuses. Käesoleva lõputöö eesmärk oli
teadusallikatele tuginedes välja selgitada humiinainete mõju köögiviljade kasvule ja arengule.
Humiinainete mõju kohta köögiviljadele on teostatud arvukalt uurimistöid kuiva kliimaga
riikides. Humiinained suurendavad köögiviljakultuuride põuakindlust ja soodustavad
sooldunud muldades toitainete omastamist. Humiinainete kasutamine stimuleerib seemikute
juurestiku arengut, suurendab erinevate köögiviljakultuuride saagikust ja toitainete
omastamist. Jahedama kliimaga aladel kiirendavad humiinained soojalembeste kultuuride
(tomat, kurk, paprika) fenoloogilist arengut, pikendades seega saagiperioodi.
Humiinainete efektiivsust tõstab veelgi koosmõju erinevate biostimulaatoritega. Tõhusamad
on leheväetisena antavad humiinained.
Rohkem uurimist vajab humiinainete mõju köögiviljade haigustele ja kahjuritele.
Kaubanduslike humiinpreparaatide puhul tasub jälgida nende päritolu ja kvaliteeti ning
kasutada töötlemiseks soovitatud annuseid. Research on humic substances and their efficiency on plant growth have become gradually
important during the last decades in sustainable agriculturing. The aim of this bachelor thesis
was to investigate the effect of humic substances on growth and development of vegetables
based on scientific publications.
Humic acid appeared to be effective and improve crop tolerance and vegetable growth saline
condition. Humic substances have positive effect on vegetable seed emergence, growth
parameters and nutrient contents.
There have been numerous studies made concerning the impact of humic substances in dry
climate. Humic substances increase vegetables resistance against drought and improve the
uptake of nutrients from soils with high salinity. Humic substances promote growth and
higher uptake of mineral nutrients by plant due to the better–developed root system, increase
yield and uptake of nutrients on various vegetables. Humic substances show better anti-stress
effects under abiotic stress conditions such as unfavorable temperature, pH and salinity. In
moderate and cooler climate the humic substances accelerate pheneological development on
halophilic cultures (tomato, cucumber, paprika). Utilization of biostimulators with humic
substances will further increase the effect of humic substances. Most efficient among them are
in the form of fertilizers taken up via plant leaves. In order to see how the humic substances
affect plant diseases and plant parasites, further studies are needed.
In case of commercial products it is important to pay attention to the origin and quality of the
humic products and apply recommended concentrations.