Humiinainete mõju köögiviljade kasvule ja arengule

Abstract

Säästva põllumajanduse raames on viimastel aastakümnetel üha rohkem hakatud uurima humiinaineid ja nende efektiivsust taimekasvatuses. Käesoleva lõputöö eesmärk oli teadusallikatele tuginedes välja selgitada humiinainete mõju köögiviljade kasvule ja arengule. Humiinainete mõju kohta köögiviljadele on teostatud arvukalt uurimistöid kuiva kliimaga riikides. Humiinained suurendavad köögiviljakultuuride põuakindlust ja soodustavad sooldunud muldades toitainete omastamist. Humiinainete kasutamine stimuleerib seemikute juurestiku arengut, suurendab erinevate köögiviljakultuuride saagikust ja toitainete omastamist. Jahedama kliimaga aladel kiirendavad humiinained soojalembeste kultuuride (tomat, kurk, paprika) fenoloogilist arengut, pikendades seega saagiperioodi. Humiinainete efektiivsust tõstab veelgi koosmõju erinevate biostimulaatoritega. Tõhusamad on leheväetisena antavad humiinained. Rohkem uurimist vajab humiinainete mõju köögiviljade haigustele ja kahjuritele. Kaubanduslike humiinpreparaatide puhul tasub jälgida nende päritolu ja kvaliteeti ning kasutada töötlemiseks soovitatud annuseid.

Research on humic substances and their efficiency on plant growth have become gradually important during the last decades in sustainable agriculturing. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to investigate the effect of humic substances on growth and development of vegetables based on scientific publications. Humic acid appeared to be effective and improve crop tolerance and vegetable growth saline condition. Humic substances have positive effect on vegetable seed emergence, growth parameters and nutrient contents. There have been numerous studies made concerning the impact of humic substances in dry climate. Humic substances increase vegetables resistance against drought and improve the uptake of nutrients from soils with high salinity. Humic substances promote growth and higher uptake of mineral nutrients by plant due to the better–developed root system, increase yield and uptake of nutrients on various vegetables. Humic substances show better anti-stress effects under abiotic stress conditions such as unfavorable temperature, pH and salinity. In moderate and cooler climate the humic substances accelerate pheneological development on halophilic cultures (tomato, cucumber, paprika). Utilization of biostimulators with humic substances will further increase the effect of humic substances. Most efficient among them are in the form of fertilizers taken up via plant leaves. In order to see how the humic substances affect plant diseases and plant parasites, further studies are needed. In case of commercial products it is important to pay attention to the origin and quality of the humic products and apply recommended concentrations.